Fetomaternal outcome in preeclampsia and eclampsia with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Introduction: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are hypertensive disorders of pregnancy associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological complication observed in these conditions, yet its impact on fetomaternal outcomes remains underexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between PRES and fetomaternal outcomes in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Identifying Novel Inhibitors for Dengue NS2B-NS3 Protease by Combining Topological similarity, Molecular Dynamics, MMGBSA and SiteMap Analysis.

Introduction: DENV NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors were designed based upon the reference molecule, 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl) benzenesulfonamide, reported by our team with the aim to optimize lead compound via rational approach. Top five best scoring molecules with zinc ids ZINC23504872, ZINC48412318, ZINC00413269, ZINC13998032 and ZINC75249613 bearing 'pyrimidin-4(3H)-one' basic scaffold have been identified as a promising candidate against DENV protease enzyme.

Methods: The shape and electrostatic complementary between identified HITs and reference molecules were found to be Tanimotoshape 0.

Evaluation of clinico-radiological outcome of conservative treatment in patients with partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Objective: While some patients may require surgical treatment a lot of patients do recover on conservative treatment alone while the optimal treatment being unclear. The purpose of this study was to treat the PT-RCTs conservatively for a period of 6 months and to determine its clinical outcome, radiological outcome on MRI and the baseline clinical factors predictive of that outcome.

Methodology: All patients with a partial tear of supraspinatus and/or infraspinatus on their 1st MRI and aged 18-80 years were eligible and 47 patients (22 males, 25 females) were enrolled.

Nef defect attenuates HIV viremia and immune dysregulation in the bone marrow-liver-thymus-spleen (BLTS) humanized mouse model.

In vitro studies have shown that deletion of nef and deleterious mutation in the Nef dimerization interface attenuates HIV replication and associated pathogenesis. Humanized rodents with human immune cells and lymphoid tissues are robust in vivo models for investigating the interactions between HIV and the human immune system. Here, we demonstrate that nef deletion impairs HIV replication and HIV-induced immune dysregulation in the blood and human secondary lymphoid tissue (human spleen) in bone marrow-liver-thymus-spleen (BLTS) humanized mice.

Dopamine-driven Increase in IL-1β in Myeloid Cells is Mediated by Differential Dopamine Receptor Expression and Exacerbated by HIV.

The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine is classically known for regulation of central nervous system (CNS) functions such as reward, movement, and cognition. Increasing evidence also indicates that dopamine regulates critical functions in peripheral organs and is an important immunoregulatory factor. We have previously shown that dopamine increases NF-κB activity, inflammasome activation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β in human macrophages.

Correction: Effectiveness of Rifabutin-Based Regimens in Treating Helicobacter pylori Infections.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50541.

Effectiveness of Rifabutin-Based Regimens in Treating Helicobacter pylori Infections.

Helicobacter pylori has been reported as a health problem worldwide, affecting a sizable portion of people. Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and various extra gastric conditions are associated with this bacterium. The rampant overprescribing of antibiotics has led to the emergence of H.

Digital Versus Conventional Teaching of Surgical Pathology: A Comparative Study.

Objective: To compare the digital method and the conventional method of teaching surgical pathology to medical students.

Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted on second-year students during the period of August 20, 2022, through January 15, 2023. Students, divided into two groups of 45 each, were taught surgical pathology via both conventional and digital methods.

Cytomorphological findings in drug defaulters of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important health problem specially in the developing countries. Although effective chemotherapy is available, compliance of patient is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to describe cytomorphological features of drug defaulters on lymph node on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and compare it with newly diagnosed cases.

Diagnostic Utility of Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay in Invasive Aspergillosis in Pediatric patients with Hematological Malignancy.

Objective: This study aims to determine the diagnostic utility of galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (GM EIA) in invasive aspergillosis (IA) in children with hematological malignancy (high risk population) in terms of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV) at various cut offs while validating the revised EORTC/MSG 2019 criteria in order to obtain the best cut-off.

Material And Methods: For 100 pediatric patients, serum and respiratory samples were collected. Clinical, mycological workup (potassium-hydroxide mount, fungal culture) and GM EIA was done to classify proven, probable, and possible IA as per EORTC-MSG guidelines,2019.

Overcoming lung cancer immunotherapy resistance by combining nontoxic variants of IL-12 and IL-2.

Engineered cytokine-based approaches for immunotherapy of cancer are poised to enter the clinic, with IL-12 being at the forefront. However, little is known about potential mechanisms of resistance to cytokine therapies. We found that orthotopic murine lung tumors were resistant to systemically delivered IL-12 fused to murine serum albumin (MSA, IL12-MSA) because of low IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) expression on tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells.

Optimization of an alum-anchored clinical HIV vaccine candidate.

In the ongoing effort to develop a vaccine against HIV, vaccine approaches that promote strong germinal center (GC) responses may be critical to enable the selection and affinity maturation of rare B cell clones capable of evolving to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. We previously demonstrated an approach for enhancing GC responses and overall humoral immunity elicited by alum-adjuvanted protein immunization via the use of phosphoserine (pSer) peptide-tagged immunogens that stably anchor to alum particles via ligand exchange with the alum particle surface. Here, using a clinically relevant stabilized HIV Env trimer termed MD39, we systematically evaluated the impact of several parameters relevant to pSer tag composition and trimer immunogen design to optimize this approach, including phosphate valency, amino acid sequence of the trimer C-terminus used for pSer tag conjugation, and structure of the pSer tag.

Coronary allograft vasculopathy in post-heart transplant patients: pathogenesis and role of cardiac computed tomography in diagnosis-a comprehensive review.

Coronary allograft vasculopathy, often known as cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), is a substantial source of morbidity and mortality in people who have had heart transplants. Early detection and monitoring of CAV are crucial for improving outcomes in this population. Although cardiac computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a possible method for finding and evaluating CAV, invasive coronary angiography has long been thought of as the gold standard for recognizing CAV.

Tumor-localized catalases can fail to alter tumor growth and transcriptional profiles in subcutaneous syngeneic mouse tumor models.

Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the rapid conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Use of catalase as a cancer therapeutic has been proposed to reduce oxidative stress and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, both activities which are hypothesized to reduce tumor growth. Furthermore, exposing murine tumors to exogenous catalase was previously reported to have therapeutic benefit.

Recent Advances in Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Cardiovascular Disorders.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we discuss the evidence that vitamin D affects cardiovascular disease through interventional and observational studies and their corresponding association mechanisms. We also highlight the need for further research to definitively conclude clinical recommendations based on preliminary data and determine the extent to which vitamin D levels may impact the incidence and prognosis of major cardiovascular diseases in the future.

Recent Findings: Cardiovascular disease has long been recognized as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with many risk factors implicated in its pathogenesis.

Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease.

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor.

Association of serum calcium levels with clinical severity of ischemic stroke at the time of admission as defined by NIHSS score: A cross-sectional, observational study.

Introduction: Calcium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic cell damage. Intracellular calcium accumulation leads to neuronal damage by triggering the cycle of cytotoxic events. In this study, the association of serum calcium levels with clinical severity of ischemic stroke as defined by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was evaluated.

Co-Anchoring of Engineered Immunogen and Immunostimulatory Cytokines to Alum Promotes Enhanced-Humoral Immunity.

Protein antigens are often combined with aluminum hydroxide (alum), the most commonly used adjuvant in licensed vaccines; yet the immunogenicity of alum-adjuvanted vaccines leaves much room for improvement. Here, the authors demonstrate a strategy for codelivering an immunostimulatory cytokine, the interleukin IL-21, with an engineered outer domain (eOD) human immunodeficiency virus gp120 Env immunogen eOD, bound together to alum to bolster the humoral immune response. In this approach, the immunogen and cytokine are co-anchored to alum particles via a short phosphoserine (pSer) peptide linker, promoting stable binding to alum and sustained bioavailability following injection.

Comparative analysis of airway invasive aspergillosis and endobronchial spread of tuberculosis on high resolution computed tomography.

The presence of tree-in-bud (T-I-B) pulmonary opacities on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in tuberculosis endemic areas is frequently regarded as a sine qua non for endobronchial tuberculosis (TB). That is not always the case, however. They can also be found in immunocompromised non-neutropenic patients with airway invasive aspergillosis (IA).