Comprehensive Outcome Assessment and Quality of Life Following Epilepsy Surgery.

Background: Seizure freedom without deficits is the primary goal for epilepsy surgery. However, patients with medically refractory epilepsy commonly suffer from many co-morbidities related to mood, cognition, and sleep as well as social problems and resultant stigma. While epilepsy surgery literature does describe quality of life (QOL) and neuropsychological outcomes, there is a paucity of information on various common non-seizure outcomes, especially pertaining to mood, sleep, cognition, and social aspects.

Chemical remodeling of the mycomembrane with chain-truncated lipids sensitizes mycobacteria to rifampicin.

The outer mycomembrane of and related pathogens is a robust permeability barrier that protects against antibiotic treatment. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic analogues of the mycomembrane biosynthetic precursor trehalose monomycolate bearing truncated lipid chains increase permeability of cells and sensitize them to treatment with the first-line anti-tubercular drug rifampicin. The reported strategy may be useful for enhancing entry of drugs and other molecules to mycobacterial cells, and represents a new way to study mycomembrane structure and function.

Effective population size in simple infectious disease models.

Almost all models used in analysis of infectious disease outbreaks contain some notion of population size, usually taken as the census population size of the community in question. In many settings, however, the census population is not equivalent to the population likely to be exposed, for example if there are population structures, outbreak controls or other heterogeneities. Although these factors may be taken into account in the model: adding compartments to a compartmental model, variable mixing rates and so on, this makes fitting more challenging, especially if the population complexities are not fully known.

Transitional cell states sculpt tissue topology during lung regeneration.

Organ regeneration requires dynamic cell interactions to reestablish cell numbers and tissue architecture. While we know the identity of progenitor cells that replace lost tissue, the transient states they give rise to and their role in repair remain elusive. Here, using multiple injury models, we find that alveolar fibroblasts acquire distinct states marked by Sfrp1 and Runx1 that influence tissue remodeling and reorganization.

Standardized Quantification of Mast Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Adults.

Background: Current data on the normal quantity of mast cells throughout the adult gastrointestinal tract are limited in several domains. These include microanatomic localization of mast cells, standardization of staining and counting methods, and reporting of microscope field of view.

Objective: To address this lack of reliable reference ranges to facilitate the study of and diagnosis of emerging mast cell-mediated diseases.

Mode of Delivery and Postpartum Depression: A Cohort Study.

Background: There are many established risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD). It is controversial whether the mode of delivery is associated with PPD. This prospective study assessed the prevalence of PPD among women who delivered normally versus cesarean section and the association between sociodemographic factors and clinical factors with PPD.

Solutions of fuzzy advection-diffusion and heat equations by natural adomian decomposition method.

In this article, we present an algorithm for computing analytical solutions of linear fuzzy advection-diffusion equations and one-dimensional fuzzy heat equations involving an external source. The fuzzy problems can be solved by using the natural transform and Adomian decomposition method. The results obtained through the natural Adomian decomposition method are calculated in a series form that converges rapidly to the exact solution.

Healthcare utilization impacts of an eConsult program for headache at an academic medical center.

Introduction: Interprofessional consultations ("eConsults") can reduce healthcare utilization. However, the impact of eConsults on healthcare utilization remains poorly characterized among patients with headache.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, 1:1 matched cohort study comparing patients evaluated for headache via eConsult request or in-person referral at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York.

Patient Perspectives After Surgery-Related Complications Among Breast Cancer Patients from a LMIC.

Unlabelled: Long-term quality of life in breast cancer patients has been studied and published regularly. However, the lived experiences of patients who develop complications after surgery are not well understood. Determining this experience of patients is challenging in most low- and middle-income countries where the majority of patients belong to poor strata of society and are uneducated.

Diverse Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Biomedical Engineering: A Review.

A three-dimensional (3D) printing is a robotically controlled state-of-the-art technology that is promising for all branches of engineering with a meritorious emphasis to biomedical engineering. The purpose of 3D printing (3DP) is to create exact superstructures without any framework in a brief period with high reproducibility to create intricate and complex patient-tailored structures for organ regeneration, drug delivery, imaging processes, designing personalized dose-specific tablets, developing 3D models of organs to plan surgery and to understand the pathology of disease, manufacturing cost-effective surgical tools, and fabricating implants and organ substitute devices for prolonging the lives of patients, etc. The formulation of bioinks and programmed G codes help to obtain precise 3D structures, which determines the stability and functioning of the 3D-printed structures.

Global inequalities in availability of systemic therapies for cancer care and strategies to address them.

Many Low and middle-income countries face challenges in delivering chemotherapy services due to limitations in infrastructure, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a shortage of trained medical professionals. High-income countries often have well-developed healthcare systems and advanced technology.

Pathway to Independence: the future of developmental biology.

In 2022, Development launched its Pathway to Independence (PI) Programme, aimed at supporting postdocs as they transition to their first independent position. We selected eight talented researchers as the first cohort of PI Fellows. In this article, each of our Fellows provides their perspective on the future of their field.

Hyperacute autonomic and cortical function recovery following cardiac arrest resuscitation in a rodent model.

Objective: There is a complex interaction between nervous and cardiovascular systems, but sparse data exist on brain-heart electrophysiological responses to cardiac arrest resuscitation. Our aim was to investigate dynamic changes in autonomic and cortical function during hyperacute stage post-resuscitation.

Methods: Ten rats were resuscitated from 7-min cardiac arrest, as indicators of autonomic response, heart rate (HR), and its variability (HRV) were measured.

Pediatric primary intraventricular hemorrhage: A case report of isolated fourth ventricle hemorrhage in a 10-year-old boy.

Key Clinical Message: Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare condition in pediatric patients, presenting with headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Surgical interventions, such as external ventricular drain placement, followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunting, show promising outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and optimize management strategies for pediatric PIVH.

Health equity integrated epilepsy care and research: A narrative review.

Background: With the unanimous approval of the Intersectoral Global Action Plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders by the World Health Organization in May 2022, there are strong imperatives to work towards equitable neurological care.

Aims: Using epilepsy as an entry point to other neurologic conditions, we discuss disparities faced by marginalized groups including racial/ethnic minorities, Americans living in rural communities, and Americans with low socioeconomic status.

Materials And Methods: The National Institute on Minority Health Disparities Research Framework (NIMHD) was used to conduct a narrative review through a health equity lens to create an adapted framework for epilepsy and propose approaches to working towards equitable epilepsy and neurological care.

N-acetyl-l-tryptophan (NAT) ameliorates radiation-induced cell death in murine macrophages J774A.1 via regulating redox homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Ionizing radiation interacts with the immune system and induces molecular damage in the cellular milieu by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cell death. The present study was performed to investigate the protective efficacy of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (NAT) against gamma-radiation-induced cell death in murine macrophage J774A.1 cells.

Dietary Sugar Intake Associated with a Higher Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: We have limited evidence for the relationship of high sugar intake with dementia risk.

Objective: To determine whether high sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of dementia in community-dwelling older adultsMethods:This study included 789 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (community-based longitudinal cohort study of older adults free of known dementia at enrollment), with annual clinical assessments and complete nutrient data (obtained by validated food frequency questionnaire). Clinical diagnosis of dementia is based on the criteria of the joint working group of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association.

Vascular Malformations and Tumors: A Review of Classification and Imaging Features for Cardiothoracic Radiologists.

The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification is a comprehensive histology-based scheme that was updated in 2018. It is important for cardiothoracic imagers to understand this classification to ensure that accurate terminology is used and that archaic terms are avoided when vascular lesions are described. Knowledge of the various malformations (including common conditions, such as venous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, and arteriovenous malformation) and vascular tumors allows for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

Purple urine bag syndrome: An unusual manifestation of urinary tract infection, our experience at a tertiary care center.

Background: Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an unusual condition in which a purple discoloration of urine and bag occurs in people with urinary catheters. People with purple urine usually do not complain of any symptoms. The purple discoloration of the urine bag is often the only finding, frequently noted by caregivers.

Real-Time Strain-Encoding Cardiovascular MRI for Assessment of Regional Heart Function in Tetralogy of Fallot Patients.

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, where right ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of subsequent intervention.

Objective: In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of fast strain-encoding (fastSENC; a one-heartbeat sequence) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing regional cardiac function in ToF.

Method: FastSENC was implemented to characterize regional circumferential (Ecc) and longitudinal (Ell) strains in the left ventricle (LV) and RV in post-repair ToF.

Clinicopathological profile of post-COVID-19 mucormycosis cases: A report from a tertiary care center.

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a fatal fungal infection, which is rare but commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who were immunocompromised, due to comorbid conditions, such as hematological malignancy and diabetes mellitus (DM), and patients on immunosuppressive therapy such as steroid therapy were the important host for mucormycosis infection.

Aim: This study aimed to study the clinicopathological correlation of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients.