Aetiology of tricuspid regurgitation.

Background: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is regarded as a secondary disorder. Aim of the study was to know what percentage is secondary to heart and lung disease and its prevalence in normal adults.

Methods: Two hundred and 30 adults with clinically detectable TR were studied clinically to know the cause of TR.

Patterns of presentation of chronic ischemic heart disease with and without previous myocardial infarction.

Background: The prevalence of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is on the rise, from increasing lifespan of population and availability of better medical facilities. We studied chronic IHD cases with and without previous myocardial infarction, in Hazara, NWFP, Pakistan to evaluate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, wall motion abnormalities and complications of IHD.

Methods: All patients presenting with history of chest pain in Medical 'C' Unit, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from June 2004 to May 2005 were included in the study.

Presentation of typhoid fever patients in Hazara Division and response to different treatment regimens.

Background: Response to treatment can vary in patients with typhoid fever. This study was carried out on a group of typhoid patients who were treated in Medical B ward of Ayub Teaching Hospital. Resistance to antibiotic is commonly acquired by Salmonella typhi and is widely reported.

Experience with endoscopy at Bin Jalawi Hospital K.S.A.

Background: Presentation of gastrointestinal disorders may vary in different communities. This study was carried out in town of Hafoof in Eastern zone of Saudi Arabia. Purpose of the study was to observe pattern of presentation, age, sex, smoking status, haemoglobin levels, serological markers for hepatitis, endoscopic findings, histopathology, presence of H.