Clinical Outcomes at 2-Year Follow-Up Comparing Open Surgery and Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression for Radicular Sciatic Pain Patients.

Background: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) and open surgery for patients with radicular sciatic pain caused by lumbar disc herniation over a 2-year follow-up period.

Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 84 patients with chronic radicular pain were assigned to either the open surgery group (n = 42) or the PLDD group (n = 42). Patients were evaluated at baseline, and at 4, 8, 24, 48, and 96 weeks postintervention.

Surgical Management of Tuberculosis-related Cerebral Disorders: A Retrospective Single-center Study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, with extrapulmonary manifestations, including central nervous system involvement, posing substantial morbidity and mortality. While medical treatment with anti-TB drugs is the mainstay of therapy, certain TB-related cerebral complications, such as hydrocephalus, abscesses, and large symptomatic tuberculomas, may require surgical intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of surgical management in patients with TB-related cerebral disorders.

Features and functions of decision support systems for appropriate diagnostic imaging: a scoping review.

Background: Diagnostic imaging decision support (DI-DS) systems could be effective tools for reducing inappropriate diagnostic imaging examinations. Since effective design and evaluation of these systems requires in-depth understanding of their features and functions, the present study aims to map the existing literature on DI-DS systems to identify features and functions of these systems.

Methods: The search was performed using Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and was limited to 2000 to 2021.

Safety and feasibility of autologous olfactory ensheathing cell and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell co-transplantation in chronic human spinal cord injury: a clinical trial.

Study Design: This is a phase I clinical trial.

Objectives: Our objective was to assess the safety and feasibility of autologous mucosal olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) co-transplantation in people with chronic, complete (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) classification A) spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: This study was performed at Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain and Central Nervous System Tumours: Results from Iran National Cancer Registry, 2010-2014.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumours account for only 1-2% of cancer incidence but are a major reason for mortality and morbidity due to malignancies. Recent studies show an increase in the rate of CNS tumours worldwide, especially in developing countries. Moreover, there is significant heterogeneity in epidemiological patterns worldwide.

En-bloc Resection of a Giant Cell Tumor Causing Cervical Vertebral Collapse.

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, benign, and locally aggressive primary bone neoplasms. Spine is seldom affected, especially above the level of sacrum. In this report, we describe a case with GCT of the cervical vertebrae which causes collapse of the corpus.

Psychological consideration in patients with cerebral gliomas candidates for intra-operative radiation therapy based on tumor location.

Objective: Intra-operative Radiation Therapy (IORT) is gaining popularity as an adjuvant option to surgical resection, in treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) for increasing survival rate, which a highly aggressive cerebral tumor with poor prognosis. Τhe authors plan to investigate the effects of IORT combined with surgical resection on the psychological status of these patients based on tumor location.

Subject And Methods: From December 2013 to February 2017, we have enrolled 109 patients with high grade cerebral gliomas, documented by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS).

Deep brain nucleus targeting in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor by image guided surgery using neuronavigation system with tractography and volume of tissue of activated assessment.

Objective: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical approach for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), dystonia and essential tremor (ET). Traditionally, DBS is performed using frame-based stereotactic technique. Recently, image guided surgery (IGS) using neuronavigation has gained popularity in neurosurgical procedures.

The role of tranexamic acid in prevention of hemorrhage in major spinal surgeries.

Background: Blood loss that necessitates blood transfusion is one of the most frequent complications of major spinal surgeries. This study has been designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TA) in decreasing perioperative blood loss.

Materials And Methods: From January to August 2011, all the patients who needed major spinal surgeries and aged between 18 and 60-year-old were divided into two groups randomly, the experimental group received 10 mg/kg of TA 20 min after inducing the anesthesia as loading dose followed by 0.

Neural differentiation of choroid plexus epithelial cells: role of human traumatic cerebrospinal fluid.

As the key producer of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the choroid plexus (CP) provides a unique protective system in the central nervous system. CSF components are not invariable and they can change based on the pathological conditions of the central nervous system. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of non-traumatic and traumatic CSF on the differentiation of multipotent stem-like cells of CP into the neural and/or glial cells.

Evaluating the effect of hydrocephalus cause on the manner of changes in the effective parameters and clinical symptoms of the disease.

In the present study, the heads of 11 normal subjects and 21 patients affected by hydrocephalus due to three different causes were simulated using fluid-structure interaction (FSI). To validate the results, the calculated diagram of CSF velocity in aqueduct of Sylvius (AS) was compared with the similar velocity diagram measured using Cine PC-MRI for the same subject. After ensuring the agreement of results, other outputs such as CSF pressure were calculated non-invasively using FSI.

Radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology for resection of cerebral glioma.

Objective: Using microsurgical procedures without intraoperative imaging, Gross Total Resection (GTR) has so far only been achieved in less than 30% of all cases. Radio-guided surgery was introduced in the clinical setting in 1985 in an attempt to facilitate intraoperative tumor detection. Because of few studies in literature about this subject, we decided to use gamma probe with the hypothesis that we could increase extent of tumor resection.

Psychological aspects in brain tumor patients: A prospective study.

Objective: Very few studies have utilized specific criteria to assess mental disorders in brain tumor patients, and from them, they are mainly descriptive. The purpose of this study is to examine mental disorders in relation to tumor characteristics and patients' psychosocial factors using DSM-IV (depression, sleep and mood) criteria, among brain tumor patients.

Materials And Methods: From March 2009 to July 2011, 98 patients who surgically treated with intracranial neoplasm were included in this prospective study.

First Experience of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy in Cerebral High Grade Glioma in Iran: A Report of Three Cases and Literature Review.

Introduction: Among the high grade cerebral gliomas, Glioblastoma multiform for instance, would be the main pattern of local recurrence causes clinical deterioration and deaths. This has observed 2 - 3 cm upon the initial lesion. During the period of 2 - 4 weeks post-surgery, remaining tumor cells have re-grown until radiochemotherapy has initiated.

Effect of Ondansetron on Postoperative Shivering After Craniotomy.

Introduction: Postoperative shivering (POS) is an early complication after craniotomy. Preventive pharmacologic drugs are the mainstay of treatment. Meperidine is the drug of choice but with increased risk of apnea, nausea, and increased intracranial pressure.

Biaxial mechanical properties of human ureter under tension.

Purpose: The Mechanical properties of the ureteral wall may be altered by certain diseases such as megaureter. Ureter compliance and wall tension alterations can occur, leading to some abnormalities such as reflex mechanisms. Familiarizing with the mechanical properties of the ureter can help us advance in the understanding of urinary tract diseases.

Diffusion tensor tractography in the presurgical assessment of cerebral gliomas.

Glioma is the most common intra-axial brain tumor characterized by invasion into the surrounding white matter (WM) tracts. These tumors are usually diagnosed by conventional MRI, but this method is unable to describe the relationship between tumor and neighboring WM tracts. Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) is a new imaging modality which can solve this problem.

Factors predicting early deterioration in mild brain trauma: a prospective study.

Primary Objective: To evaluate risk factors for clinical deterioration in mild traumatic brain injury.

Research Design: Prospective cross-sectional.

Methods And Procedures: This study evaluated 203 patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

Accuracy of combined EEG parameters in prediction the depth of anesthesia.

Background: The importance of proper qualitative evaluation of EEG parameters during surgery has been recognized since many years. Although none of the characteristics based on the frequency, entropy, and Bi spectral characteristics have been regarded as a good predictor for detection of the depth of anesthesia alone. So it seems necessary to study multiple characteristics together.

Comparison of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score (APACHE) II with GCS in predicting hospital mortality of neurosurgical intensive care unit patients.

Background: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is popular, simple, and reliable, and provides information about the level of consciousness in trauma patients. However, a systemic evaluation scale specially in patients with multiple trauma is so important. The revised Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation system type 2 (APACHE II) is a physiologically based system including physiological variables.

Asymptomatic presentation of huge extradural hematoma in a patient with arachnoid cyst.

Haemorrhagic complications of arachnoid cysts have been reported as subdural or intracystic hematoma following trauma. In this paper, we report a patient with arachnoid cyst who developed extradural hematoma after a subtle head injury and presented with very mild symptoms in spite of the huge size of the hematoma.

Presentation of a minimally symptomatic large extradural hematoma in a patient with an arachnoid cyst: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Hemorrhagic complications of arachnoid cysts have been reported, extensively presenting with subdural or intracystic hematoma after trauma, but presentation with extradural hemorrhage is very rare. In this paper, we report the case of a patient with an arachnoid cyst who developed an extradural hematoma after a subtle head injury. Our patient presented with very mild symptoms in spite of the very large size of the hematoma.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as a compressive cord and cerebral lesion in a patient without a significant hematologic disorder: a case report.

Introduction: Intracranial or spinal compressive lesions due to extramedullary hematopoiesis have been reported in the medical literature. Most of the reported cases are extradural lesions or, on rare occasions, foci within another neoplasm such as hemangioblastoma, meningioma or pilocytic astrocytoma. Often these cases occur in patients with an underlying hematological disorder such as acute myelogenic leukemia, myelofibrosis, or other myelodysplastic syndromes.

Lateral sacral meningocele presenting as a gluteal mass: a case report.

Introduction: Lateral meningocele is a very rare disorder. It has been reported in patients with neurofibromatosis or Marfan's syndrome. Previous reports have described lateral meningoceles in the thoracic or cervical region.