Micronutrients in infants suffering from cow's milk allergy fed with dietary formulas and breast milk.

Introduction: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. As this food allergy indicates a wide range of clinical syndromes due to immunological reactions to cow's milk proteins, we aimed to evaluate the status of micronutrients in infants suffering from cow's milk allergy.

Methods: In this historical cohort study, infants with CMA were divided into two equal groups: breastfeeding and diet formula feeding.

Modified unilateral periureteral injection technique in the treatment of patients with high-grade vesicoureteral reflux: A study of primary findings.

Objective: Although endoscopic treatment has been used by many pediatric urologists for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), it has no considerable success in high-grade VUR. We aimed to describe the primary outcomes of unilateral periureteral injection technique (PIT), as well as bilateral PIT in high-grade VUR.

Methods: In this prospective study, we examined 92 ureters in 45 boys and 40 girls from February 2010 to May 2018.

Normal saline, the known but least-examined fluid therapy method for preventing heme-induced nephropathy in children with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans. Randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy of different types of fluid therapy for prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI) following hemolysis in patients with G6PDd are lacking. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of three different types of fluid administration, isotonic saline with or without acetazolamide versus bicarbonate solution in prevention of AKI among children with acute hemolysis due to G6PDd.

Chronic Kidney Disease in Iran: First Report of the National Registry in Children and Adolescences.

Purpose: Knowing the epidemiological aspects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is crucial for early recognition, identification of reversible causes, and prognosis. Here, we report the epidemiological characteristics of childhood CKD in Iran.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 1991 - 2009.

Acute kidney injury in patients with paraquat intoxication; a case report and review of the literature.

Paraquat and diquat are classified as bipyridyl compounds not only leads to acute organ damage, but also to a variety of complications. Patients with severe paraquat-induced poisoning may succumb to multiple organ failure involving the circulatory and respiratory systems. Deliberate self-poisoning with paraquat continues to be a major public health concern in many developing countries.

Correlation between cystatin C-based formulas, Schwartz formula and urinary creatinine clearance for glomerular filtration rate estimation in children with kidney disease.

Introduction: Assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important tool for monitoring renal function.

Objectives: Regarding to limitations in available methods, we intended to calculate GFR by cystatin C (Cys C) based formulas and determine correlation rate of them with current methods.

Patients And Methods: We studied 72 children (38 boys and 34 girls) with renal disorders.

The effect of phototherapy on urinary calcium excretion in term neonates.

Phototherapy is the most common, most effective, and least dangerous treatment method for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and is the treatment of the first choice for neonatal icterus. Hypocalcemia is one of the lesser-known complications of phototherapy. Some studies have shown a relationship between increased urinary calcium excretion and phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia.

Primary Antibiotic Resistance to Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated From Children in Northern Iran: A Single Center Study.

Background: Initial resistance to antibiotics is the main reason for the failure of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in children.

Objectives: As we commonly face high antibiotic resistance rates in children, we aimed to determine the susceptibility of H.

Hypercalciuria in school-aged children of Rasht: a single-center study.

Hypercalciuria is the most common identifiable metabolic cause of calcium kidney calculus disease. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is defined as hypercalciuria with normal serum electrolytes levels in the absence of any known underlying disease responsible for increased urinary calcium excretion. The aim of the present survey was to study the prevalence of urinary tract signs and symptoms of idiopathic hypercalciuria in a healthy group of primary school children living in Rasht, a city in north of Iran.

Clinical outcome and follow-up of prenatal hydronephrosis.

Hydronephrosis is probably the most common congenital abnormality detected prenatally by ultrasonography This study was performed to determine the cause and outcome of prenatal hydronephrosis in our hospital. A total of 45 infants, with 57 prenatally hydronephrotic renal units, were enrolled into this study. For the purpose of this study, the degree of hydronephrosis was defined as mild, moderate or severe.

Pediatric urolithiasis: an experience of a single center.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and metabolic and anatomic risk factors of urolithiasis in children.

Materials And Methods: Between 2004 and 2009, a total of 84 children (35 girls and 49 boys) had been treated because of urolithiasis. Clinical presentation, urinary tract infection, calculus localization, family history, presence of anatomic abnormalities, and urinary metabolic risk factors were evaluated, retrospectively.

Diabetic ketoacidosis and its complications among children.

In order to recognize of DKA and its complications among children with DM type I, we conducted a descriptive study and all of the children with the final diagnosis of DKA. Data regarding their demographics, disease characteristics, treatment features and outcome derived from patients' medical files and registered in a data sheet. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.

Benign multilocular cyst.

Benign multilocular cyst is a rare benign multicystic renal tumor. It usually involves the kidneys unilaterally. There is no generally accepted theory concerning its pathogenesis.