Evaluation of NKT Cell Percentage and Function and Its Relationship with Serum IFN-γ and Vitamin D Levels in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and Recurrent Implantation Failure.

Background: Mothers experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) along with repeated implantation failures (RIF) could potentially have abnormalities in their immune systems. Vitamin D is known as a crucial immunomodulatory agent. This study aimed to assess the ratio of Natural Killer T-cells (NKTs) and the correlation between this ratio with serum vitamin D levels among women with RSA and RIF.

The Effect of Exosomes Isolated from Poly (I:C) Treated Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential cell therapy candidate for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases due to their multilineage capacity and immune modulating function. MSCs exert immunomodulatory effects on target cells through the secretion of exosomes. Inflammatory conditions such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) engagement can change the biological functions and immunomodulatory activities of MSCs and the contents of exosomes derived from MSCs are changed.

Evaluation of the natural killer cell subsets and their relationship with serum interferon gamma and vitamin D levels in women with stages III and IV endometriosis: A case-control study.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Moreover, a normal vitamin D level is remarkably associated with an optimal immune response. So, there may be a probable relationship between these factors and the endometriotic women.

Poly (I:C) increases the expression of and genes in exosomes isolated from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly employed as a powerful tool for the treatment of immune-mediated problems owing to their capacity to regulate the immune system and differentiate into different tissues. Researchers use mesenchymal stem cell products given the limitations associated with the application of MSCs. Exosomes are nanometer vesicles derived from MSCs that are used in cell-free therapy.

F1 fraction isolated from Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom induces macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype and exerts anti-tumoral effects on the CT26 tumor cell line.

Scorpion venoms identified as agents with anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic features. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the process of tumorigenesis, tumor development, and polarization of M2 phenotype tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). M2 polarized cells are associated with tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.

The implications of exosomes in psoriasis: disease: emerging as new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

As the largest human organ, the skin is continuously exposed to various external and internal triggers that affect body homeostasis. Psoriasis is a persistent inflammatory skin condition that has a major bearing on patients' physiological functioning as well as their mental well-being. It is an autoimmune disorder and has been the focus of extensive research efforts in recent years.

Sublingual prophylactic administration of OVA-loaded MSC-derived exosomes to prevent allergic sensitization.

Aim: This study evaluated the immunomodulatory and delivery potential of adipose tissue-isolated MSC-derived exosomes as a prophylactic regimen through a sublingual route in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma murine model.

Material And Methods: Balb/c mice received 10 μg/dose of OVA-enriched MSC-derived exosomes as a prophylactic regimen in six doses during three weeks, and then OVA sensitization was conducted through intraperitoneal and aerosol administration of allergen. The total cells and eosinophils counted in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and lung tissues were assessed for histopathological analysis.

gene polymorphism is associated with downregulation of expression, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 overexpression, and low probability of metastatic tumor at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.

Background: is a key player in inflammatory reactions, carcinogenesis, and tumor development. In this study, polymorphism of and its gene and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) expression were investigated in relation to cancer susceptibility and development in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Materials And Methods: Polymorphism of was evaluated between a population of 174 patients with BC and 129 controls using restriction fragment length polymorphism and the expression of and SOCS-1 were examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Increases the Potential of Breast Cancer by Reducing the Expression of the P53 Protein.

Introduction: Breast cancer is considered the most frequent type of cancer in women with high mortality worldwide, and most importantly, it is the second most common cancer. However, some breast cancer-related risk factors remain unknown. So, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of on the biomarkers correlated with proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice infected with for the first time.

Evaluation of CD3+ T Cell Percentage, Function and its Relationship with Serum Vitamin D Levels in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and Recurrent Implantation Failure.

Background: Women afflicted with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and repeated implantation failure (RIF) may have immune abnormalities. The role of vitamin D has been demonstrated in the function of the immune system.

Objective: To assess the percentage and function of CD3+ T cells and their relationship with the level of the serum vitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (the active form of the vitamin) in women with RSA and RIF.

Altered Expression Levels of MicroRNA-155 and SOCS-1 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients.

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) has a critical role in pro-inflammatory activation and tumor progression. In addition, miR-155 has various oncogenic effects in the tumor microenvironment by targeting the suppressor gene of cytokine signaling-1(SOCS-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This study investigated the association of inflammatory changes with the variations of miR-155 expression in newly diagnosed breast cancer (NDBC) patients.

Increased frequency of CD4CD25 CD127 regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by demyelination and chronic inflammation of the CNS. Failure of immune tolerance and induced autoimmune processes are involved in MS immunopathogenesis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis.

Cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with cystic echinococcosis.

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), which affects domestic and wild carnivores as the definitive host and ungulates as intermediate hosts. In intermediate hosts, both Th1 and Th2 cells are involved in the immune responses to an echinoccocal infection.

Evaluation of Exhausted Regulatory T Cells in Preeclampsia.

Background: The development of a maternal immune response to fetal antigens and deficiency in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) may lead to preeclampsia. A plausible explanation for the reduced Treg cell function in women with preeclampsia is the presence of exhausted Treg cells which express CD279 or programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), a negative regulatory molecule associated with limited proliferative capacity and reduced immune suppression.

Objective: To assess the number of Treg CD4+ CD25 high and exhausted Treg CD4+ CD25 high CD279+ cells in women with preeclampsia (PE group) and healthy pregnant women (HP group) during the third trimester of pregnancy.

The effect of transplanted human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells treated with IFN-γ on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) increases the immunosuppressive property of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs in EAE mice. IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs were injected on days 3 and 11 after EAE induction.

Evaluation of AD-MSC (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells) as a vehicle for IFN-β delivery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Interferon-β (IFN-β) is commonly used as a disease modifying drug for the treatment of relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). However, the underlying mechanism by which IFN-β mediate this immunosuppressive effect is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of genetically modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) expressing murine interferon beta (MSCs-VP/IFN-β) on the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Altered microRNA Expression and Immunosuppressive Cytokine Production by Regulatory T Cells of Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintenance of peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases in part by producing immunosuppressive cytokines. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been involved in autoimmune disorders, not least for their crucial role in the regulation of Treg biology and function. We simultaneously investigated the concentration of IL-35, IL-10, TGF-β, and sCD25 in supernatant of cell culture and the expression patterns of several miRNAs in CD4(+)CD25(+) CD127(-/low) FoxP3(+) Tregs of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.

In Vitro Generation of IL-35-expressing Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Lentiviral Vector.

Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJ-MSCs) are easily available cells without transplant rejection problems or ethical concerns compared to bone-marrow-derived MSCs for prospective clinical applications. These cells display immunosuppressive properties and may be able to play an important role in autoimmune disorders. Regulatory T-cells (Treg) are important to prevent autoimmune disease development.

The Opposite Effects of DNA and Protein Components of Listeria Monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii on Immunologic Characteristics of Dendritic Cells.

The innate immune system utilizes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize microbes. Pathogens contain various molecules with diverse effects on immune response. In this study, we evaluated the effect of DNA and protein components derived from two intracellular microorganisms including Listeria monocytogenes (L.

Investigation of immunomodulatory properties of human Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells after lentiviral transduction.

Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJ-MSCs) are considered as an alternative for bone-marrow-derived MSCs. These cells have immunosuppressive properties. It was unclear whether the WJ-MSCs would sustain their immunomodulatory characteristics after lentiviral transduction or not.

Fibroblasts feeder niche and Flt3 Ligand as a novel inducer of plasmacytoid dendritic cells development in vitro.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), plays central role in antiviral immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Flt3 ligand (FL) alone or with L929 fibroblast feeder or L929 conditioned media on differentiation of mouse bone marrow (BM) cells into pDC in vitro. Murine BM cells were cultured with FL or with L929 or conditioned media for 9days.

Reduced efficacy of multiple doses of CpG-matured dendritic cell tumor vaccine in an experimental model.

CpG motifs have been advanced as agents that stimulate the maturation of DCs for immunotherapy. The present study tested the hypothesis that multiple doses of CpG-matured DC vaccine would be efficacious for complete eradication of experimentally-induced tumor. Accordingly, WEHI164 cells were implanted subcutaneously in the flank of BALB/c mice.