Methodological optimization for efficient degradation of Acid Violet 49 using advanced oxidation processes and varied photocatalyst combinations.

This study investigates the photodegradation of Acid Violet 49 in an aqueous medium under UV, UV/HO and combined with photo catalyst (UV/HO/TiO, UV/HO/ZnO, and UV/HO/SnO). The impact of all operational parameters including catalytic dosage, peroxidation (HO), pH and dye concentration were evaluated. The degradation efficiency of AV49 was enhanced up to 96% with the alternative photocatalyst UV/HO/ZnO under the circumstances of 0.

Molecular and morphoanatomical characterization of Urocystis heteropogonis sp. nov.: a novel smut fungus infecting Heteropogon contortus.

Background: A new species of smut fungus, Urocystis heteropogonis, was discovered infecting Heteropogon contortus in Shawar Valley, Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study aimed to characterize this fungus based on its morpho-anatomical and molecular features and clarify its phylogenetic position within the genus Urocystis.

Results: Urocystis heteropogonis was identified as a novel species, distinct from other Urocystis species.

New species and new records of genus Buellia (lichenized Ascomycota, Caliciaceae) from Pakistan using electron microscopy and DNA barcoding techniques.

Three new species Buellia darelensis, B. densitheca, B. kashmirensis and two new records B.

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by on in Pakistan.

Jasminum sambac L. is a species of jasmine native to a small region in the eastern Himalayas and is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant (USDA-ARS 2016). In Pakistan, it is cultivated for ornamental purposes throughout the country.

DNA barcoding and scanning electron microscopy reveals Erysiphe ahmadii sp. nov. and a new record Erysiphe populicola (Erysiphaceae, Helotiales) on salicaceous hosts from Pakistan.

A new species of powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe ahmadii and a new record, Erysiphe populicola, on Salicaceae are described from Pakistan. In addition to light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy is also done to clearly demonstrate the surface characters of chasmothecia. E.

Recent trends and advances in type 1 diabetes therapeutics: A comprehensive review.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Insulin replacement therapy is the current standard of care for T1D, but it has significant limitations. However, stem cell-based replacement therapy has the potential to restore β-cell function and achieve glycaemic control eradicating the necessity for drugs or injecting insulin externally.

Tulostoma loonbanglaense: A new species from Azad Jammu and Kashmir using light and scanning electron microscopy and DNA barcoding technique.

Tulostoma loonbanglaense sp. nov. is described from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

Assessment of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air of different settings and its associated health risk in Haripur city, Pakistan.

Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant causing serious health problems. The aim of the present study was to find out concentration of PM in ambient air and its associated health risk in Haripur city, Pakistan. Twenty-three samples were taken at various educational institutes, hospitals, recreational areas and industries in Haripur city.

First Report of the Rust Disease Caused by on New Host from Pakistan.

Sonchus arvensis (Asteraceae) is a traditional medicinal herb. The aerial parts are a rich source of vitamins, essential amino acids, and minerals, which may help in treatment of fever, inflammation, detoxication, and blood circulation (Li et al. 2018).

Rapid Transmembrane Transport of DNA Nanostructures by Chemically Anchoring Artificial Receptors on Cell Membranes.

Highly efficient transmembrane transport of exogenous reagents into cells is of vital importance for developing drug-delivery systems. Conventionally, transmembrane transport of exogenous reagents was accomplished with the assistance of transfection agents or other artificial means. However, the high toxicity and low transport efficiency of current delivery techniques still remain to be solved.

2D DNA lattice arrays assembled from DNA dumbbell tiles using poly(A-T)-rich stems.

Poly(A-T)-rich sequences have been applied as stems of DNA dumbbell tiles for construction of single crystalline 2D DNA lattice arrays in slightly acidic solutions. These arrays show much higher stability and better organised crystalline lattice structures than those assembled from DNA dumbbell tiles with randomly sequenced stems in slightly alkaline environments. DNA nanotechnology probably provides a useful platform to study the mechanical properties of DNA duplexes with specific sequences.

DNA dumbbell tiles with uneven widths for 2D arrays.

Small DNA tiles built from linear oligonucleotides for the construction of DNA nanostructures often have even widths in the lateral direction against the DNA helical axis. Herein we present an example of DNA dumbbell tiles with uneven widths between the central double helical stem and the two head loops after association with helper strands. A characteristic of DNA dumbbell tiles is that the stem length controls the stereostructure of the two head motifs.

The genus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species.

Mushrooms with a thin-fleshed pileus that becomes plicate on opening, deliquescent lamellae and dark brown to blackish basidiospores are commonly called coprinoid mushrooms. The genus is one of the important lineages of coprinoid mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. Species-level taxonomy in is based mainly on the presence or absence and the structure of veil and cystidia on the pileus, of cystidia on the lamellae and on basidiospore morphology.

Underexplored regions of Pakistan yield five new species of Leucoagaricus.

The large genus Leucoagaricus (Basidiomycota) is poorly studied in Pakistan, where the northern parts of the country are considered hot spots for biodiversity. Based on morphological and molecular data, five new species are described: Leucoagaricus badius, L. lahorensiformis, L.

The genus in Pakistan with the description of two new species.

is a genus of small, veil-less coprinoid mushrooms in the family Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales). The genus is not well documented in Asia, specifically in Pakistan. In this study we describe two new species and from Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular data.

Optimization of an in-house PCR method for the detection of HLA-B*27 alleles.

The association of spondyloarthropathies with different alleles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B*27 is well established. Different subtypes of HLA-B*27 may be linked with different ethnic groups, distinct clinical manifestations, specific age of onset and different prognoses. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) is the most frequently adapted molecular method used for the recognition of HLA-B*27-specific DNA sequences.

DNA nanotubes assembled from tensegrity triangle tiles with circular DNA scaffolds.

Using small circular DNA molecules of different lengths as scaffolds, we successfully synthesised DNA nanotubes consisting of Mao's DNA tensegrity triangle tiles with four-arm junctions (Holliday junctions) at all vertices. Due to the intrinsic curvature of the triangle tile and the consecutive tile alignment, the 2D arrays are organised in the form of nanotubes. Two sized triangle tiles with equilateral side lengths of 1.

Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter spp restricted the Therapeutic alternatives.

Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter has appeared an organism of uncertain resistivity towards antimicrobial agents. Among non-fermenting bacterium Acinetobacter is the second-most-commonly-isolated organisms in human. The fast intensify of their resistance to antibiotics, especially global emergence and extend of Acinetobacter strains resistant to carbapenem more restricted the therapeutic alternatives.

'Vulval oedema': a conundrum!

Massive oedema of the vulva appears to be a sequel of an underlying systemic disease in pregnant women. Isolated vulval oedema in pregnancy is rare. Vulval oedema has been treated, depending on pathophysiology, with steroids, furosemide, albumin and continuous epidural analgaesia.

Dysgerminoma with pregnancy and viable baby: a case report.

Dysgerminomas are the most common of primitive germ cell tumors of the ovary, accounting for 1-5% of all ovarian malignancies. The reproductive age group females are most commonly affected, thereby causing problems in conception and if pregnancy occurs, it leads to feto-maternal compromise. It is extremely rare to have a successful natural pregnancy, with viable child birth with a coexisting dysgerminoma, without any assisted reproductive interventions.