Targeting apoptosis and unfolded protein response: the impact of β-hydroxybutyrate in clear cell renal cell carcinoma under glucose-deprived conditions.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) plays a significant role in the mortality associated with kidney cancer. Targeting biological processes that inhibit cancer growth opens up new treatment possibilities. The unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis have crucial roles in RCC progression.