Rice growth and yield responses to saline water irrigation are related to Na+/K+ ratio in plants.

Rice growth and yield response to salinity can be influenced by the duration and the timing of salt stress. The present study tested the effects of saline water irrigation from vegetative growth to maturity on rice growth and yield and ion concentrations in the straw and root and related them to changes in soil salinity and soil solute potential. The treatments consisted of five levels of saline water irrigation (electrical conductivity ~0.

Rabies control in Bangladesh and prediction of human rabies cases by 2030: a One Health approach.

Background: Bangladesh is making progress toward achieving zero dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030, a global goal set in 2015.

Methods: Drawing from multiple datasets, including patient immunisation record books and mass dog vaccination (MDV) databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis between 2011 and 2023 to understand the effectiveness of rabies control programmes and predict human rabies cases in Bangladesh by 2030 using time-series forecasting models. We also compared rabies virus sequences from GenBank in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries.

Cognitive Function in Urban and Rural Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Menopause is a well-known risk factor for decreasing cognitive function in women. Postmenopausal women are increasing in number but relevant studies are very scarce. This study compared the cognitive function between urban and rural postmenopausal women and assessed the influence of socio-demographic factors on cognitive function.

Genetic characterization of methicillin-resistant / susceptible (MRSA/MSSA) and clinical isolates in Bangladesh: Dominance of ST6-MRSA-IV/t304 and detection of / in ST8-MSSA/t008.

Objectives: Coagulase-positive staphylococcus (CoPS), represented by , is a major cause of infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and their trends of CoPS in Bangladesh.

Methods: Clinical isolates of CoPS were collected from two medical institutions in Bangladesh for a 2-year period and analyzed for their species, genotypes, virulence factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance determinants.

Effects of integrated nutrient management and urea deep placement on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, farm profits and greenhouse gas emissions in saline soils of Bangladesh.

Soil salinity is one of the major yield-limiting factors in the coastal ecosystems of Bangladesh. An efficient fertilizer management practice and selection of appropriate crop cultivars could play a crucial role in improving yield and promoting low-carbon agriculture across saline soils. A two-year multi-location field experiment was conducted during the Boro (dry) season (December-April) to investigate the effects of fertilizer management and rice cultivar selection on rice yield, economic viability, and global warming potential (GWP) in coastal saline soils of Bangladesh.

Genetic Characterization of the Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotype I Prevailing in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2021.

In Bangladesh, dengue has been prevalent since its resurgence in 2018, and the dominant causative virus in 2019 was considered dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3). However, limited information is available for DENV serotype/genotype circulating after 2020. Viral RNA was extracted from NS1 antigen-positive blood samples of febrile patients in Dhaka, in 2021.

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about rabies among the people in the community, healthcare professionals and veterinary practitioners in Bangladesh.

It is crucial to explore knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) about rabies among the people in the community, the personnel dealing with animal bite management and suspected rabies patients, including humans and animals, to facilitate intervention in improving rabies elimination strategies. In 2016, we conducted an interactive face-to-face survey in three different districts of Bangladesh to understand the extent of KAP towards rabies in the community peoples (CPs), human healthcare professionals (HCPs) and veterinary practitioners (VPs). A set of prescribed questions was employed to measure what proportion of each group possessed sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes and adequate perceptions about rabies.

Bio-Organic Fertilizer: A Green Technology to Reduce Synthetic N and P Fertilizer for Rice Production.

Decomposed organic materials, in combination with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), are environmentally friendly and reduce synthetic fertilizer use in rice production. A bio-organic fertilizer (BoF) was prepared using kitchen waste (79%), chita-dhan (unfilled rice grain) biochar (15%), rock phosphate (5%), and a consortium of 10 PGPB (1%) to supplement 30% nitrogen and to replace triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer in rice production with an improvement of soil health. PGPB were local isolates and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA partial gene sequences as , sp.

Epidemiological study of human rabies cases in Bangladesh through verbal autopsy.

Identification of risk factors is crucial to find ways to reduce rabies deaths. We investigated the hospital records of rabies deceased through contact tracing of the relatives of the victims using enhanced verbal autopsies (VA) to identify why the people had to die from rabies in recent years in Bangladesh. Patients whose deaths were confirmed by physicians based on the history of animal exposure and clinical signs were taken into account for VA.

Trends and clinico-epidemiological features of human rabies cases in Bangladesh 2006-2018.

Vaccinating dogs against rabies is an effective means of reducing human rabies. We subjected 1327 clinically diagnosed human rabies death and mass dog vaccination (MDV) data during 2006-2018 to quantify the impacts of MDV on human rabies incidence in Bangladesh and a subset of rabies death data (422) for clinico-epidemiological analysis. A positive and increasing trend of MDV (p = 0.

Synthetic Receptors Induce Anti Angiogenic and Stress Signaling on Human First Trimester Cytotrophoblast Cells.

The cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells of the human placenta have membrane receptors that bind certain cardiotonic steroids (CTS) found in blood plasma. One of these, marinobufagenin, is a key factor in the etiology of preeclampsia. Herein, we used synthetic receptors (SR) to study their effectiveness on the angiogenic profile of human first trimester CTB cells.

Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Anion Complexes with a Thiophene-Based Cryptand.

Selective recognition of anions has received a tremendous attention in recent years because of their significant importance in biology and environment. This article highlights our recent research on a thiophene-based azacryptand that has been shown to effectively bind anions including iodide, bromide, chloride, nitrate and sulfate. Structural studies indicate that the ligand forms inclusion complexes with chloride and iodide.

Plasma exchange for paediatric kidney disease-indications and outcomes: a single-centre experience.

Background: Outcome data in paediatrics regarding the use of plasmapheresis for immunological kidney disease are scarce.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the role of plasmapheresis in children presenting with severe renal impairment secondary to immunological kidney diseases.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of children admitted between January 2009 and August 2013 to the Paediatric Nephrology Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, and requiring plasma exchange was undertaken.

Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Tacrolimus has gained acceptance in the management of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in children. Due to limited data, therapeutic range is extrapolated from pediatric renal transplant recipients. This study was designed to assess therapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus in children with SRNS and its correlation with inter-dose area under concentration curve (AUC0-12 h) and trough concentration (C0).

Pure red cell aplasia in a three-months-old infant possibly secondary to cytomegalo virus infection.

We report a 3 months old child who presented with severe anemia due to pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). After ruling out other known causes of PRCA, congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was diagnosed to be the cause. The child responded to Ganciclovir and is doing well.

Evaluation of synovial inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis by power color Doppler and Spectral Doppler ultrasonography.

Objectives: To compare Power Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler ultrasonography indices (Resistive index and color fraction) in cases of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) with healthy controls and evaluate their correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done over a period of 16 mo. Thirty patients of JIA and 30 age and sex matched healthy children were enrolled.

Effect of glucocorticoids on serum lipid profile and endothelial function and arterial wall mechanics.

Objective: To determine the effect of glucocorticoids on lipid profile, endothelial function and arterial wall mechanics in children.

Methods: Thirty patients who had received glucocorticoids for 4 to 8 wk were compared with 30 age and sex matched healthy controls. Baseline evaluation included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and Ultrasonographic evaluation of brachial artery for endothelial dependant as well as endothelial independent vasodilatation and evaluation of common carotid artery for intima media thickness (IMT) and arterial wall mechanics.

Measurement of bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate bone mineral density using dual X-ray absorptiometry in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients and factors affecting it, if any.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted by enrolling thirty five patients of JIA and age and sex matched controls. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Z score of whole body, total body less head, lumbar spine and distal radius were obtained and adjusted for age, sex, weight and BMI in both cases and controls.

Leflunomide in systemic onset Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Methotrexate, the mainstay of treatment in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, might not be effective in a few patients of polyarticular and systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Use of biologicals like TNF-a blockers, the next line of preferred drugs is constrained by the high cost. We successfully used leflunomide in four patients.