Influence of climate variability and land cover dynamics on the spatio-temporal NDVI patterns in western hydrological regions of Bangladesh.

Analyzing vegetation greenness considering climate and land cover changes is crucial for Bangladesh given the historically drier North-West and South-West regions of Bangladesh have shown prominent climatic and hydrological variations. Therefore, this study assessed the spatial and temporal variation of NDVI and its relationship with climate and land cover changes from 2000 to 2022 for these regions. In this study, Moran's I and Getis Ord Gi* were employed for spatial autocorrelation and Mann-Kendall, Sen's slope test along with Innovative Trend Analysis were deployed to identify temporal trends of NDVI.

Wnt Signaling in Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implications.

Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease in which inflammation plays a pivotal role. Receptor-mediated signaling pathways regulate vascular inflammation and the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence has revealed the role of the Wnt pathway in atherosclerosis progression.

Genes expression in of Bangladesh; challenged with AHPND-causing .

the causative agent of Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was discovered in 2013 as a unique isolate that produces toxins and kills penaeid shrimps in devasting nature in Bangladesh and causes severe economic losses. This research aimed to understand the expressions of immune genes in different stages of the host species, against virulence and toxin genes upon being challenged with . Healthy post-larvae (PL) samples were collected from southwestern of Bangladesh from July 2021 to August 2022.

Hydrogel-Based Biosensors.

There is an increasing interest in sensing applications for a variety of analytes in aqueous environments, as conventional methods do not work reliably under humid conditions or they require complex equipment with experienced operators. Hydrogel sensors are easy to fabricate, are incredibly sensitive, and have broad dynamic ranges. Experiments on their robustness, reliability, and reusability have indicated the possible long-term applications of these systems in a variety of fields, including disease diagnosis, detection of pharmaceuticals, and in environmental testing.

Anxiolytic, anti-nociceptive and body weight reducing effects of L-lysine in rats: Relationship with brain serotonin an In-Vivo and In-Silico study.

L-lysine (L-lys) had long been comprehended as an essential amino acid for humans. There were reports that the absence or inadequate availability of L-lys in the diet may lead to mental and physical impairments. The present study was designed to explore the effects of L-lys on body weight changes, cumulative food intake, anxiety-like behavior and pain perception in rats.

Thiosemicarbazones reprogram pancreatic cancer bidirectional oncogenic signaling between cancer cells and stellate cells to suppress desmoplasia.

Standard treatments have shown dismal activity against pancreatic cancer (PC), due in part to the development of a dense stroma (desmoplasia). This perspective discusses the development of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that overcomes bidirectional oncogenic signaling between PC cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which is critical for desmoplasia development. This activity is induced by the up-regulation of the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which inhibits oncogenic signaling via HGF, IGF-1 and Sonic Hedgehog pathway.

The thiosemicarbazone, DpC, broadly synergizes with multiple anti-cancer therapeutics and demonstrates temperature- and energy-dependent uptake by tumor cells.

Background: The di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones, di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) and di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), demonstrate potent and selective anti-tumor activity. In fact, DpC entered Phase I clinical trials for advanced and resistant tumors.

Methods: This investigation examined the activity of these thiosemicarbazones in five tumor cell-types compared to nine clinically used chemotherapeutics and also in combination with these drugs.

Dynamic linkages between non-renewable energy, renewable energy and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: evidence from Malaysia.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the links between renewable energy (RE), non-renewable energy (NRE), capital, labour and economic growth, using the nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) model in Malaysia for the period of 1980-2018. The results of NARDL confirm the asymmetric effect of RE and NRE consumption on the economic growth in the long run as well as the short run in Malaysia. The findings also show that in the long and short run, positive shocks of NRE are greater than the positive shocks of RE.

Lipopolysaccharide acting via toll-like receptor 4 transactivates the TGF-β receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen‑associated molecular patterns, which allow the detection of microbial infection by host cells. Bacterial-derived toxin lipopolysaccharide activates TLR4 and leads to the activation of the Smad2 transcription factor. The phosphorylation of the Smad2 transcription factor is the result of the activation of the transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1).

Ascorbate-and iron-driven redox activity of Dp44mT and Emodin facilitates peroxidation of micelles and bicelles.

Background: Iron (Fe)-induced oxidative stress leads to reactive oxygen species that damage biomembranes, with this mechanism being involved in the activity of some anti-cancer chemotherapeutics.

Methods: Herein, we compared the effect of the ligand, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), or the potential ligand, Emodin, on Fe-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in cell membrane models (micelles and bicelles). These studies were performed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and the absence or presence of ascorbate.

Akt acts as a switch for GPCR transactivation of the TGF-β receptor type 1.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling commences with the engagement of TGF-β ligand to cell surface TGF-β receptors (TGFBR) stimulating Smad2 carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation (phospho-Smad2C) and downstream biological responses. In several cell models, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transactivate the TGF-β receptors type-1 (TGFBR1) leading to phospho-Smad2C, however, we have recently published that in keratinocytes thrombin did not transactivate the TGFBR1. The bulk of TGFBRs reside in the cytosol and in response to protein kinase B (Akt phosphorylation) can translocate to the cell surface increasing the cell's responsiveness to TGF-β.

Calcium channels and iron metabolism: A redox catastrophe in Parkinson's disease and an innovative path to novel therapies?

Autonomously spiking dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are exquisitely specialized and suffer toxic iron-loading in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanism involved remains unclear and critical to decipher for designing new PD therapeutics. The long-lasting (L-type) Ca1.

Differential effects of memory enhancing and impairing doses of methylphenidate on serotonin metabolism and 5-HT1A, GABA, glutamate receptor expression in the rat prefrontal cortex.

Methylphenidate (MPD), a psychostimulant, is a prescription medicine for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previously we have shown that moderate doses of MPD enhanced learning and memory while higher doses impaired it. To understand neurochemical mechanisms and receptors involved in memory enhancing and impairing effects of MPD, the present study concerns the effects of these doses of MPD on serotonin, 5-HT1A, GABA, and NMDA receptor mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

LPS/TLR4 Pathways in Breast Cancer: Insights into Cell Signalling.

Background: Cancer cells are usually recognized as foreign particles by the immune cells. Mounting evidence suggest an important link between toll-like receptors (TLRs) and carcinogenesis. This review article focused on the role of TLRs, especially TLR4, in breast cancer.

YY-11, a camel milk-derived peptide, inhibits TGF-β-mediated atherogenic signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells.

Atherosclerosis, the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease, commences with the binding and trapping of lipids on modified proteoglycans, with hyperelongated glycosaminoglycan chains. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β stimulates glycosaminoglycan elongation in vascular smooth muscle cells. We have recently shown that this TGF-β signaling pathway involves reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Determination of antioxidant activity and antineoplastic effects against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma of methanolic extract of (L.) Pruski.

Background And Aim: (L.) Pruski is a well-known medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and antineoplastic properties of leaf.

Diagnosis, genetic variations, virulence, and toxicity of AHPND-positive in .

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an emerging shrimp () disease caused by (VP) since 2013 in Bangladesh. The aim of this work was to evaluate a PCR and RT-PCR techniques as rapid methods for detecting AHPND-positive using genetic markers. Healthy and diseased shrimp () samples were collected from three monitoring stations.

Toll-like Receptor 4 Stimulates Gene Expression via Smad2 Linker Region Phosphorylation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Atherosclerosis begins in the vessel wall with the retention of low density lipoproteins to modified proteoglycans with hyperelongated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. Bacterial infections produce endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide that exacerbate the outcome of atherosclerosis by generating a heightened state of inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its toll-like receptor (TLR) is well-known for its role in mediating an inflammatory response in the body.

The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are dominant components of the innate immune system. Activated by both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, TLRs underpin the pathology of numerous inflammation related diseases that include not only immune diseases, but also cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, and cancers. Growing evidence has demonstrated that TLRs are involved in multiple cardiovascular pathophysiologies, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

The importance of visualization of appendix on abdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of appendicitis in children: A quality assessment review.

Background: Ultrasound has the first line investigation role in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. The purpose of this study was to perform a quality assessment review on the visualization rate of appendix on ultrasound in children in the community hospital setting.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of the abdominal ultrasound findings for the visualization of the appendix was performed on paediatric patients ranging from 5 to 18 years.

ROS directly activates transforming growth factor β type 1 receptor signalling in human vascular smooth muscle cells.

Background: Widely used NAPDH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, apocynin is a prodrug that needs to be converted to its pharmacologically active form by myeloperoxidase. In myeloperoxidase deficient non phagocytic cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) apocynin stimulates the production of ROS. ROS is generated by the activation of many signalling pathways, thus we have used apocynin as a pharmacological tool to characterise the role of endogenous ROS in activating the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR1) without the activation of other pathways.

Prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in four Upazila of Dhaka Division.

This cross-sectional and population based study was carried out in four randomly selected Upazila of four districts of Dhaka division by the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2014 to March 2015 to detect the prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) among women in four Upazila of Dhaka division of Bangladesh. Married women ages between 25-55 years, mentally able to provide informed consent were recruited. Women with chronic illness, pregnancy and women with previous treatment for CIN were excluded from the study.

Ameliorative effects of ethanolic constituents of Bangladeshi propolis against tetracycline-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats.

The study reports the phenolic composition of propolis from Bangladesh and its ameliorative effects against tetracycline-induced hepatonephrotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar Albino rats (n = 18) were randomly divided into three following groups: (1) normal control, (2) tetracycline-treatment (200 mg kg  rat ), and (3) tetracycline (200 mg kg  rat ) + propolis (100 mg kg  rat ) treatments. The ethanolic extract of propolis contained major phenolic acids as well as a flavonoid, rutin.

Collecting the golden water: Quality assessment on approach of diagnosing urinary tract infections in 0 to 36 months old children.

Objective: The study aimed to assess current practices of a community hospital for collection of urine sample when diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) is suspected in children aged 0 to 36 months old.

Methods: An analysis of paediatric patients aged 0 to 36 months old was performed in two separate audits to assess the quality of urine sampling. The first, retrospective analysis comprised of urine collections techniques in a community hospital for diagnosis of UTI followed by an education intervention in which the hospital staff was briefed regarding the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) position statement for diagnosis and management of UTI.

Mechanisms of PAR-1 mediated kinase receptor transactivation: Smad linker region phosphorylation.

Protease activated receptors (PARs) transactivate both epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptors (TGFBR1) in vascular smooth muscle leading to the increased expression of genes (CHST11 and CHSY1) which are rate limiting for the enzymes that mediate hyperelongation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on the lipid-binding proteoglycan, biglycan. This is an excellent model to investigate mechanisms of transactivation as the processes are biochemically distinct. EGFR transactivation is dependent on the classical matrix metalloprotease (MMP) based triple membrane bypass mechanism and TGFBR1 transactivation is dependent on Rho/ROCK signalling and integrins.