Evaluating crash severity at highway-rail grade crossings using an analytic hierarchy process-based hazard index model.

Due to the substantial mass disparity between trains and highway vehicles, crashes at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings (HRGCs) are often severe. Therefore, it is essential to develop systematic frameworks for allocating federal and state funds to improve safety at the highest-risk grade crossings. Common techniques for hazard prioritization at HRGCs include the hazard index and the collision prediction formula.

Design Implications to Increase Utilization of Stairwells.

Stairwell use is a cost-effective opportunity to increase physical activity. Although stairwell use can integrate moderate physical activity in daily work routines, little information is available to guide architects and engineers on how to design facilities that promote stairwell use. This study examined the reasons behind using stairwells versus elevators through a case study at a teaching hospital.