Neuroanatomical distribution of endogenous huntingtin and its immunohistochemical relationships with STB/HAP1 in the adult mouse brain and spinal cord.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is an essential constituent of the stigmoid body (STB) and is known as a neuroprotective interactor with causal agents for several neurodegenerative disorders, including huntingtin (HTT) in Huntington's disease. Previous in vitro studies showed that compared to normal HTT, STB/HAP1 exhibited a higher binding affinity for mutant HTT. However, the detailed in vivo relationships of STB/HAP1 with endogenous HTT have not been clarified yet.

Antibacterial Activities of Methanolic Seeds Extract of Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) against Gram Positive Staphylococcus aureus & Gram-Negative Escherichia coli.

Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of Methanolic extracts isolated from Black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) against two infection causing pathogens, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Between July 2022 and June 2023, this experimental study was conducted at the Mymensingh Medical College's Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in conjunction with the Department of Microbiology.

Modification of ibuprofen to improve the medicinal effect; structural, biological, and toxicological study.

Ibuprofen is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is employed as an initial treatment option for its non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and antipyretic properties. However, Ibuprofen is linked to specific well-known gastrointestinal adverse effects like ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been linked to harmful effects on the liver, kidney, and heart.

Effectiveness of a Health Education Program for Patients Who Had a Stroke and Their Caregivers by Controlling Modifiable Risk Factors to Reduce Stroke Recurrence in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Stroke is a significant public health concern that causes severe and long-lasting disability. The recurrence of stroke is increasing due to lack of patients' knowledge and compliance with treatment to control modifiable risk factors and lifestyle changes. Health education can be an effective way to increase knowledge about behavioral changes in patients who had a stroke.

Arjunolic acid modulate pancreatic dysfunction by ameliorating pattern recognition receptor and canonical Wnt pathway activation in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a potent phytochemical with multiple therapeutics effects. In this study, AA is evaluated on type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats to understand the mechanism of β-cell linkage with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and canonical Wnt signaling. However, its role in modulating TLR-4 and canonical Wnt/β-catenin crosstalk on insulin signaling remains unclear during T2DM.

The RRM-mediated RNA binding activity in T. brucei RAP1 is essential for VSG monoallelic expression.

Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite that causes human African trypanosomiasis. Its major surface antigen VSG is expressed from subtelomeric loci in a strictly monoallelic manner. We previously showed that the telomere protein TbRAP1 binds dsDNA through its RKRRR patch to silence VSGs globally.

Immunohistochemical Distribution and Neurochemical Characterization of Huntingtin-Associated Protein 1 Immunoreactive Neurons in the Adult Mouse Lingual Ganglia.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a determinant marker for the stigmoid body (STB), a neurocytoplasmic physiological inclusion. STB/HAP1 enriched areas in the brain/spinal cord are usually protected from neurodegenerative diseases, whereas the regions with tiny amounts or no STB/HAP1 are affected. In addition to the brain/spinal cord, HAP1 is highly expressed in the myenteric/submucosal plexuses of the enteric nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract.

Neurochemical phenotypes of huntingtin-associated protein 1 in reference to secretomotor and vasodilator neurons in the submucosal plexuses of rodent small intestine.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1(HAP1) is an immunohistochemical marker of the stigmoid body (STB). Brain and spinal cord regions with lack of STB/HAP1 immunoreactivity are always neurodegenerative targets, whereas STB/HAP1 abundant regions are usually spared from neurodegeneration. In addition to the brain and spinal cord, HAP1 is abundantly expressed in the excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons in myenteric plexuses of the enteric nervous system (ENS).

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of street food vendors on food safety in selected areas of Bangladesh.

This study determined the food-safety situation of street food by analyzing the KAP of street food vendors (SFVs). A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the 266 SFVs through structured questionnaire from October to December, 2020. Majority of the SFVs were male (92.

Identification of Prazosin as a Potential Flagellum Attachment Zone 1(FAZ1) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis.

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) remains a health threat to sub-Saharan Africa. The current treatments suffer from drug resistance and life-threatening side effects, making drug discovery for HAT still important. A high-throughput screening of the library of pharmaceutically active compounds identified prazosin, an α-adrenoceptor antagonist, that showed selective activity toward .

Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidamide analogs as selective anti-trypanosomal agents.

Human African trypanosomiasis is caused by a protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei majorly infecting people living in sub-Saharan Africa. Current limited available treatments suffer from drug resistance, severe adverse effects, low efficacy, and costly administrative procedures in African countries with limited medical resources. Therefore, there is always a perpetual demand for advanced drug development and invention of new strategies to combat the disease.

Polyphenolics with Strong Antioxidant Activity from Ameliorate Some Biochemical Signs of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice.

Neurotoxicity is a serious health problem of patients chronically exposed to arsenic. There is no specific treatment of this problem. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathological process of neurotoxicity.

POLIE suppresses telomerase-mediated telomere G-strand extension and helps ensure proper telomere C-strand synthesis in trypanosomes.

Trypanosoma brucei causes human African trypanosomiasis and sequentially expresses distinct VSGs, its major surface antigen, to achieve host immune evasion. VSGs are monoallelically expressed from subtelomeric loci, and telomere proteins regulate VSG monoallelic expression and VSG switching. T.

Alcoholic fixation over formalin fixation: A new, safer option for morphologic and molecular analysis of tissues.

Formalin is a widely used fixative but there is potential public health risks to exposure. Besides, alcoholic fixation is advantageous over formalin fixation because of faster fixation, optimal preservation and safer workplace environment. Following fixation by EMA and 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), we analyzed the tissue morphology, antigenic stability, DNA and RNA quantity with quality (OD value).

Dengue With COVID-19: Associated With Co-infection and Multiple Organ Dysfunction in a Child.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been a global concern since January 2020. Southeast Asia, including Bangladesh, is facing outbreaks of endemic diseases such as dengue. Here, we report the case of an eight-year-old female from Dhaka with high-grade, continued fever, shock, features of pneumonia, and plasma leakage with multiple organ dysfunction.

Retraction: Severe Dengue With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Due to COVID-19: A Co-infection Case Series.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19516.

Severe Dengue With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Due to COVID-19: A Co-infection Case Series.

Severe dengue with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can be difficult to diagnose as both diseases have similar symptoms and laboratory findings. Bangladesh is currently facing a double burden of severe dengue and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Co-infection with these viruses can result in severe morbidity.

Arjunolic acid downregulates elevated blood sugar and pro-inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide health issue primarily due to failure of pancreatic β-cells to release sufficient insulin.

Purpose: The present work aimed to assess the antidiabetic potential of arjunolic acid (AA) isolated from Terminalia arjuna in type 2 diabetic rats.

Study Design: After extraction, isolation and purification, AA was orally administered to type 2 diabetic Sprague Dawley rats to investigate antidiabetic effect of AA.

Poultry farming and farmers perception towards the farming condition during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threating global public health and has declared as a pandemic crisis around the world. An attempt was made to ascertain the effect of COVID-19 on practices in poultry farming (PPF), problem faced for poultry farming (PFPF) and poultry farmer's perception on COVID-19. A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 poultry farmers during the period of October to December 2020 in selected area of Bangladesh.

Assessment of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects of different extracts of leaf.

Background: In Southeast Asia, has been utilized as a traditional medicinal herb for many diseases. The nontoxic effects of the leaves of can be consumed safely for the treatment of many diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects of leaves through different extracts.

TbTRF suppresses the TERRA level and regulates the cell cycle-dependent TERRA foci number with a TERRA binding activity in its C-terminal Myb domain.

Telomere repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) has been identified in multiple organisms including Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite that causes human African trypanosomiasis. T. brucei regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG, to evade the host immune response.

A Neonate Born with Holoprosencephaly Sequence of A Gestational Diabetic Mother: A Rare Case.

Holoprosencephaly is a rare spectrum of congenital malformation associated with midline facial defects and absence of olfactory tract. Sequence occurs at 4th to 8th week of gestational age due to failure or incomplete diverticulation and cleavage of primitive prosencephalon. It is most common brain malformation with an incidence 1:250 in conceptuses and associated with a high rate of spontaneous abortion, and prevalence of 1:16000 in live borns.

RAP1 has an unusual duplex DNA binding activity required for its telomere localization and VSG silencing.

Localization of Repressor Activator Protein 1 (RAP1) to the telomere is essential for its telomeric functions. RAP1 homologs either directly bind the duplex telomere DNA or interact with telomere-binding proteins. We find that RAP1 relies on a unique double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding activity to achieve this goal.

Brain adaptations of insulin signaling kinases, GLUT 3, p-BADser155 and nitrotyrosine expression in various hypoglycemic models of mice.

Aim And Objective: Insulin-induced moderate or severe hypoglycemia (MH or SH) impairs cognition and SH causes neuronal death. On the contrary, alternate day fasting (ADF) protects the brain during excitotoxic stress and improves cognitive function. Unlike the scenario in the periphery, insulin and its relationship towards brain glucose uptake and metabolism are considered to be less significant.