Synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted octahydroquinolin-4-ones via anintramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction.

A route for the preparation of 2,5-disubstituted octahydroquinolin-4-ones, synthetic precursors of the decahydroquinoline-type toxins, is presented. The key steps are an asymmetric epoxidation and an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction between an activated diene and an imine. The presence of an allylic stereogenic center induces some selectivity and thus only two cycloadducts are obtained in 70:30 ratio and good yield.

Agreement and correlation of pH, bicarbonate, base excess and lactate measurements in venous and arterial blood of premature and term infants.

Background And Objectives: Determine the extent of agreement and correlation between arterial samples and venous (obtained from a venous umbilical catheter), with respect to measurements of pH, bicarbonate, base excess and lactate, in critically ill term and premature newborns.

Methods: Arterial blood samples (0.5-1 mL) were obtained for gas analysis by radial artery puncture, and, within the limit of 5 minutes, samples were obtained from venous umbilical catheters.

Cefepime restriction improves gram-negative overall resistance patterns in neonatal intensive care unit.

Antibiotic restriction can be useful in maintaining bacterial susceptibility. The objective of this study was verify if restriction of cefepime, the most frequently used cephalosporin in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), would ameliorate broad-spectrum susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates. Nine hundred and ninety-five premature and term newborns were divided into 3 cohorts, according to the prevalence of cefepime use in the unit: Group 1 (n=396) comprised patients admitted from January 2002 to December 2003, period in which cefepime was the most used broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Data on sand fly fauna (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

The sand fly fauna in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was investigated in different habitats ranging from sylvatic areas to those altered by human activity related to ecotourism, specifically identifying species that have been suggested as potential leishmaniasis vectors. Sand flies were captured from June 2002 to March 2004, using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. A total of 1,256 sand fly specimens were captured, from species belonging to genera Lutzomyia and Brumptomyia: Brumptomyia guimaraesi, B.

[Erosive enteropathy in a patient with polyarthritis].

Anaemia is a common clinical feature in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the coexistence of blood loss may not show an obvious iron deficiency anaemia. The cause may be a cancer or other reason for gastrointestinal bleeding that could be underestimated for being explained as associated with the chronic rheumatic disease. Although less described than gastroduodenal lesions, small bowel damage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, are more common than previously thought.

Chemical analysis of the flocculate formed by the association of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

Objective: The association of chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to enhance their chemical properties during root canal biomechanical preparation can lead to a brown flocculate being formed. Therefore, this study evaluated the metals present in their association by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and evaluated a possible reagent that could dissolve the flocculate, allowing its clinical use.

Study Design: Five concentrations of CHX and NaOCl were mixed (2.

Hetero diels-alder reaction of vinyl allenes and aldehydes. An experimental and computational study.

The hetero Diels-Alder reaction of vinyl allenes and aldehydes in the presence of a Lewis acid has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Differently substituted vinyl allenes and aldehydes were used to obtain information on the structural requirements of the reaction. Theoretical calculations using the density functional theory indicate that the reaction proceeds through a highly asynchronous polar transition state.

[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and lower intestinal tract toxicity].

In addition to adverse effects on gastroduodenal mucosa, it is recognized that non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can also induce toxicity to the lower intestinal tract. The diagnostic tools available and the lack of information about its pathogenesis and clinical importance are still limitations for its diagnosis. For their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, NSAIDs are largely used to treat musculoskeletal disorders.

Leishmaniasis in Portugal: enzyme polymorphism of Leishmania infantum based on the identification of 213 strains.

This study reports isoenzyme polymorphism of Leishmania strains isolated in different regions of Portugal between 1982 and 2005. A total of 213 strains were obtained from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis isolated from immunocompetent patients (adults and children) and immunocompromised adults, as well as from dogs and sandflies. Four zymodemes were identified: MON-1, MON-24, MON-29 and MON-80.

Studies on the feeding habits of Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia (Diptera, Psychodidae), vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil.

The precipitin test was applied to identify the blood meal sources of Lutzomyia intermedia, collected in two distinct habitats: inside houses and in the peridomicile, in Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, a transmission area of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. The following antisera were tested: human, avian, equine, rodent, and opossum.

The phlebotomine sandflies of Portugal. XIII--Occurrence of Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot, 1917 in the Arrabida leishmaniasis focus.

In a survey carried out during the summer in 2002 and 2003, in the canine and vulpine leishmaniasis focus of Arrabida, 665 phlebotomine sandflies were caught. 13.83% were P.

Raman spectroscopic analysis of a tembetá: a resin archaeological artefact in need of conservation.

The Raman spectroscopic analysis of a Brazilian tembetá, a lip-plug which signifies the attainment of manhood in tribal cultures, and dated to about 1600 years BP is reported. Tembetá are usually made of wood or stone but this lip-plug is very rare in that it is made of resin, which has been severely degraded in the burial environment; the brownish-red fragmented remains are in an extremely fragile condition and information about the chemical composition was required before urgent conservation was undertaken. Raman spectra excited at 1064 nm showed the presence of triterpenoid materials in the main body of the artefact, and indicated that the red-brown coating was not iron(III) oxide as suspected but rather degraded resin.

Sero-epidemiological study of canine Leishmania spp. infection in the municipality of Alijó (Alto Douro, Portugal).

Visceral leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean basin. We report an epidemiological survey carried out in dogs from the municipality of Alijó in the endemic region of Alto Douro (north Portugal). Performance of the direct agglutination test (DAT) was assessed in 205 matching samples of blood collected on filter paper and serum.

Synthesis of octahydroquinolines through the Lewis acid catalyzed reaction of vinyl allenes and imines.

The reaction of vinyl allenes with imines under Lewis acid catalysis has been explored. Vinyl allenes in which the allenic portion of the molecule is tri- or tetrasubstituted gave octahydroquinoline derivatives as single isomers together with a minor compound formed by an ene reaction of the imine with the allene. Compounds in which the allene is 1,3-disubstituted do not react under the conditions assayed.

Cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients.

Background: The incidence of gingival overgrowth (GO) associated with the use of cyclosporin A (CsA) is controversial. In the present study, we determined the incidence of GO in Brazilian renal transplant patients treated with CsA and the possible associations between periodontal and pharmacological variables.

Methods: The test group consisted of 20 renal transplant patients, and the control group included 20 non-transplant patients.

Therapeutic monitoring of warfarin: the appropriate response marker.

Warfarin is a 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant drug used for the prevention and management of thromboembolic and vascular diseases. It acts through the inhibition of the vitamin K-dependent transcarboxylation reactions that convert precursors of clotting factors into their active form. Appropriate use of warfarin requires patient monitoring and dosage adjustments, to ensure its safety and efficacy.

Water sorption, solubility, and bond strength of two autopolymerizing acrylic resins and one heat-polymerizing acrylic resin.

Statement Of Problem: Because water sorption of autopolymerizing acrylic reline resins is accompanied by volumetric change, it is a physical property of importance. As residual monomer leaches into the oral fluids and causes tissue irritation, low solubility of these resins is desired. Another requirement is a satisfactory bond between the autopolymerizing acrylic resins and the denture base acrylic resin.

Intercomparison of techniques available at INETI in the analysis of two IAEA candidate research materials.

Under contract with the IAEA, the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri was collected to prepare a multielement lichen reference material for quality assurance of environmental studies. An intercomparison run on trace and minor elements in this candidate research material (IAEA-336) was organized in which six analytical groups of the National Institute of Engineering and Industrial Technology (INETI) took part. INAA, PIXE, XRF, AAS, and ICP-ES were applied.

[Sudden death and tachycardiomyopathy in a young man with incessant tachycardia].

The case of a 19-year-old young man with clinical picture of congestive heart failure and supraventricular tachycardia is reported. Heart failure got better with conventional treatment, but the tachycardia persisted in spite of antiarrhythmic drugs. Echocardiogram showed dilated cardiomyopathy of important degree and the endomyocardial biopsy, mild interstitial infiltration.

[Jaccoud's syndrome. A case report].

The study concerns a 44 year-old male patient with a history of intermittent episodes of rheumatic activity; the physical examination showed mitral valve stenosis and metacarpophalangeal joint deformities. The joint deformities were bilateral and symmetrical, similar to that of rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, the ulnar deviation of the hands was reversible and there were no typical signs of rheumatoid arthritis in the X-ray.