An Implementation Research Study on Uterotonics Use Patterns and Heat-stable Carbetocin Acceptability and Safety for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Nigeria.

Background And Objective: The burden of maternal mortality attributable to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains high in Nigeria. Currently, oxytocin, and misoprostol, which are largely of suboptimal quality, are used for PPH prevention and treatment. Heat-stable carbetocin (HSC) is a viable uterotonic option for PPH prevention in a setting like Nigeria where compromised supply and cold chain systems result in the preponderance of poor-quality oxytocin and suboptimal PPH management.

Antimicrobial use and resistance in food animal production: food safety and associated concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The use of antimicrobials in food animal (FA) production is a common practice all over the world, with even greater usage and dependence in the developing world, including Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, this practice which serves obvious economic benefits to producers has raised public health concerns over the last decades, thus driving the selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and adversely impacting food safety and environmental health. This review presents the current and comprehensive antimicrobial usage practices in food animal production across SSA.

Use of a hybrid digital training approach for hormonal IUD providers in Nigeria: results from a mixed method study.

Background: In Nigeria, in-service trainings for new family planning (FP) methods have typically been conducted using a combination of classroom-based learning, skills labs, and supervised practicums. This mixed-methods study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, provider competency, and costs associated with a hybrid digital and in-person training model for the hormonal intrauterine device (IUD).

Methods: The study was conducted in Enugu, Kano, and Oyo states, Nigeria, and enrolled FP providers previously trained on non-hormonal IUDs.

Use of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in a hybrid digital / in-person training for hormonal IUD in Nigeria: findings and applications of the approach.

: The hormonal intrauterine device, a long-acting reversible contraceptive method, is being introduced to pilot sites in the private and public sector in Nigeria by the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health since 2019. To inform training of health care providers, a study was conducted on a hybrid digital and in-person training which utilized Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to assess competency of provider trainees. This study represents one of few documented experiences using OSCE to assess the effectiveness of a digital training.

The COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Health Service Utilization Among Pregnant Women in Three Nigerian States: A Mixed Methods Study.

Objective: COVID-19 disrupted health service delivery and weakened global and national health systems. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in health service utilization in three local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria and examine factors involved.

Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods approach was used.

Availability of medical abortion medicines in eight countries: a descriptive analysis of key findings and opportunities.

Background: In recent years a growing number of manufacturers and medical abortion products have entered country markets and health systems, with varying degrees of quality and accessibility. An interplay of factors including pharmaceutical regulations, abortion laws, government policies and service delivery guidelines and provider's knowledge and practices influence the availability of medical abortion medicines. We assessed the availability of medical abortion in eight countries to increase understanding among policymakers of the need to improve availability and affordability of quality-assured medical abortion products at regional and national levels.

What is needed to improve quality of implant removal services in Nigeria? results of a landscape assessment.

Introduction: Stunning recent increases in subdermal contraceptive implant use, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitate availability of quality implant removal services. In Nigeria, service delivery capacity and coverage for removal are lacking, despite strong government commitment and rapid uptake; there is a dearth of knowledge about barriers to quality implant removals in Nigeria.

Methods: To determine access to and quality of contraceptive implant removal services, a landscape assessment was conducted in two states in Nigeria, focusing on four conditions for quality delineated in the Global Implant Removals Task Force framework.

Scale-up of the DMPA-SC in Nigeria: Why policy matters.

Background: Injectable contraceptives have contributed substantially to Nigeria's rise in modern family planning methods usage. They are one of the most commonly used and preferred means of contraception among women in the country. Enabling policies are required to assure contraceptive access, security, and use.

Changes in clients' perceptions of family planning quality of care in Kaduna and Lagos States, Nigeria: A mixed methods study.

Community Pharmacists (CPs) and Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) are crucial to improving access to family planning (FP) services in Nigeria. Although the private sector is preferred for convenience, availability of commodity, privacy, and timeliness, less well known is the quality of care received by clients who obtain FP services from CPs and PPMVs. This paper seeks to explore the use of validated quality of care measures for programming in Kaduna and Lagos States and to assess how these measures worked in capturing changes in quality of care using client exit interviews implemented at two time points.

Nigerian stakeholders' perceptions of a pilot tier accreditation system for Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors to expand access to family planning services.

Background: Community Pharmacists (CPs) and Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) are often the first point of care for many Nigerians, and when sufficiently trained, they contribute to the expansion of family planning services. Nigeria's task shifting policy and existing regulatory and licensing bodies provide the enabling environment for PPMVs to be stratified and trained. This study explored the perceptions of stakeholders toward the pilot three-tier accreditation system instituted by the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria with support from the IntegratE project.

The role of job aids in supporting task sharing family planning services to community pharmacists and patent proprietary medicine vendors in Kaduna and Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: CPs and PPMVs are an important source of modern contraceptives in Nigeria, yet many lack the requisite knowledge and skills to capably provide these services. This skills gap might be addressed through targeted family planning (FP) training. This study measures family planning knowledge retention of CPs and PPMVs after receiving training in FP counseling and services in Kaduna and Lagos States, in Nigeria.

Retrospective evaluation of referral by community health workers on the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of Malaria in pregnancy in Ohaukwu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of three doses of quality-assured sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp), in moderate to high malaria transmission areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, coverage of IPTp lags behind coverage of antenatal care (ANC) visits; in Nigeria, 57% of women attended four or more ANC visits, whereas only 17% received the recommended three or more doses of IPTp. The innovative program aimed to close this gap by providing counseling on the benefits of comprehensive ANC, referral to ANC and community distribution of IPTp (C-IPTp), complementing IPTp at ANC.

Porcine circovirus type 2 and its associated diseases in southwestern Nigeria: Farmers' perception and level of awareness.

Objective: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the most important causative agents of swine diseases that pose a global economic threat. Presently, there is little or no information on the perception and awareness of PCV2 and its associated effects among pig farmers in Nigeria. Therefore, this research was carried out to describe pig farmers' views, awareness, and likely impact of PCV2 and its associated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) on pig production in the southwestern region of Nigeria.

Emergence of species in ticks from free-ranging domestic animals in Raymond Mhlaba local municipality, South Africa.

Ticks infestation and diseases associated with it, are becoming a major life threatening concern to wildlife, domesticated animals and human health in general. Besides causing skin damage, ticks infestations have become a growing burden in food security and transmission of multiple pathogens. There is paucity of data on the occurrence of etiologic agents of tick-borne diseases in the Eastern Cape Province South Africa.

Factors affecting uptake of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: A mixed-method study of social franchise clients in Nigeria.

Background: Despite the positive characteristics of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD)-a long-acting, highly effective contraceptive with important non-contraceptive attributes-the method has not been widely available in low- and middle-income countries. This study of hormonal IUD, copper IUD, implant and injectable users in Nigeria compares their characteristics, reasons for method choice, and experiences obtaining their method.

Methods: We conducted a phone survey with 888 women who received a hormonal IUD, copper IUD, contraceptive implant or injectable from 40 social franchise clinics across 18 states in Nigeria.

Expanding long-acting contraceptive options: a prospective cohort study of the hormonal intrauterine device, copper intrauterine device, and implants in Nigeria and Zambia.

Background: 30 years after the introduction of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in Europe, several sub-Saharan African countries are seeking to broaden access to this contraceptive method. In this study, we aimed to assess 12-month continuation of the hormonal intrauterine device, copper intrauterine device, and implants, as well as to assess women's experiences and satisfaction using these methods in the private sector in Nigeria and the public sector in Zambia.

Methods: We did a prospective cohort study of long-acting reversible contraceptive users across 40 private sector clinics in Nigeria and 21 public sector clinics in Zambia.

Safety, Quality, and Acceptability of Contraceptive Implant Provision by Community Health Extension Workers versus Nurses and Midwives in Two States in Nigeria.

Task sharing is a strategy with potential to increase access to effective modern contraceptive methods. This study examines whether community health extension workers (CHEWs) can insert contraceptive implants to the same safety and quality standards as nurse/midwives. We analyze data from 7,691 clients of CHEWs and nurse/midwives who participated in a noninferiority study conducted in Kaduna and Ondo States, Nigeria.

Pathotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Isolates from Children with Acute Diarrhea in Amatole District Municipality of Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Background: Diarrhea has been reported as the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity globally but with disproportionate impacts in developing nations. Among bacterial etiologic agents of diarrhea, diarrheagenic is the main cause of the disease among children under the age of 5 years. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and antibiogram pattern of diarrheagenic Escherichia (DEC) pathotypes associated with diarrhea cases in the study area.

Provision of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system in Nigeria: Provider perspectives and service delivery costs.

: Several organizations in Nigeria are leading pilot introduction programs of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). We conducted a qualitative assessment of providers' experiences across the five programs and an analysis of service delivery costs in one program. : We conducted 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with providers.

Gender analysis of nurses' attitude towards care of the elderly with dementia in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

This study assessed nurses' knowledge and attitudes by gender toward the care of elderly patients with dementia and explored gender differences in attitudes and associated factors in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife. The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed method design to obtain data from 100 nurses selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data analysis was done at univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels with a significance at < .

Increasing diversity of swine parvoviruses and their epidemiology in African pigs.

Detection of infectious viral agents has been on the increase globally with the advent and usage of more sensitive and selective novel molecular techniques in the epidemiological study of viral diseases of economic importance to the swine industry. The observation is not different for the pig-infecting member of the subfamily Parvovirinae in the family Parvoviridae as the application of novel molecular methods like metagenomics has brought about the detection of many other novel members of the group. Surprisingly, the list keeps increasing day by day with some of them possessing zoonotic potentials.

Prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in some South African swine herds with background of porcine circovirus type 2 infection.

The classical porcine parvovirus is an important pathogen of reproductive disorders in pigs with a confirmed history of global distribution. The detection of many novel porcine parvoviruses has however been on the increase for the past few years, but there is a dearth of information on the occurrence and prevalence of these viruses in South Africa. Molecular detection of some known parvoviruses, namely porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) - 1, 2, 3 and 4, porcine bocavirus-like virus (PBo-likeV) and porcine bocaviruses (PBoV1/2), was carried out from 110 randomly selected archived swine samples collected in the year 2015 and 2016.