Aging and sex differences in salt sensitivity of blood pressure.

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is a complex physiological trait characterized by changes in blood pressure in response to dietary salt intake. Aging introduces an additional layer of complexity to the pathophysiology of SSBP, with mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and alterations in gut microbiota emerging as critical factors. Despite advancements in understanding these mechanisms, the processes driving increased salt sensitivity with age and their differential impacts across sexes remain unclear.

Beyond Conventional Drug Design: Exploring the Broad-Spectrum Efficacy of Antimicrobial Peptides.

In the fight against pathogenic infections, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a novel and promising class of compounds that defies accepted drug development conventions like Lipinski's rule. AMPs are remarkably effective against a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Their effectiveness, despite differing from traditional drug-like properties defies accepted standards.

Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure.

The year 2024 marks the centennial of the initiation of the American Heart Association. Over the past 100 years, the American Heart Association has led groundbreaking discoveries in cardiovascular disease including salt sensitivity of blood pressure, which has been studied since the mid-1900s. Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events, but the phenotype remains unclear because of insufficient understanding of the underlying mechanisms and lack of feasible diagnostic tools.

EARLY FLUID PLUS NOREPINEPHRINE RESUSCITATION DIMINISHES KIDNEY HYPOPERFUSION AND INFLAMMATION IN SEPTIC NEWBORN PIGS.

Sepsis is the most frequent risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill infants. Sepsis-induced dysregulation of kidney microcirculation in newborns is unresolved. The objective of this study was to use the translational swine model to evaluate changes in kidney function during the early phase of sepsis in newborns and the impact of fluid plus norepinephrine resuscitation.

Physical activity and life-limiting conditions.

Background: Physical activity can assist people with life-limiting conditions to maintain their wellbeing and quality of life.

Aims: To explore the views of clinical nurse specialists (CNS) working in community palliative care towards the role of physical activity for people with life-limiting conditions, and to explore the physical activity needs of patients with life-limiting conditions identified by CNSs.

Methods: A purposive sample of CNSs working in community palliative care received an anonymous online survey via email.

Update on the Use of Pulse Wave Velocity to Measure Age-Related Vascular Changes.

Purpose Of Review: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important and well-established measure of arterial stiffness that is strongly associated with aging. Age-related alterations in the elastic properties and integrity of arterial walls can lead to cardiovascular disease. PWV measurements play an important role in the early detection of these changes, as well as other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension.

Rhabdomyolysis aggravates renal iron accumulation and acute kidney injury in a humanized mouse model of sickle cell disease.

Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at greater risk of rhabdomyolysis, a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most severe complications of rhabdomyolysis. Chronic kidney and cardiovascular disease, which account for SCD mortality, are long-term consequences of AKI.

Urinary angiotensinogen is associated with albuminuria in adults with sickle cell anaemia.

We explored the association of novel urinary biomarkers with albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in adults with sickle cell anaemia. Of 37 participants, 13 (35.2%) had persistent albuminuria (PA).

A Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Pilot Multidisciplinary Breathlessness Support Service.

Breathlessness support services have demonstrated benefits for breathlessness mastery, quality of life and psychosocial outcomes for people living with breathlessness. However, these services have predominantly been implemented in hospital and home care contexts. This study aims to evaluate the adaptation and implementation of a hospice-based outpatient Multidisciplinary Breathlessness Support Service (MBSS) in Ireland.

Activation of renal vascular smooth muscle TRPV4 channels by 5-hydroxytryptamine impairs kidney function in neonatal pigs.

Control of microvascular reactivity by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) is complex and may depend on vascular bed type and 5-HT receptors. 5-HT receptors consist of seven families (5-HT-5-HT), with 5-HT predominantly mediating renal vasoconstriction. Cyclooxygenase (COX) and smooth muscle intracellular Ca levels ([Ca]) have been implicated in 5-HT-induced vascular reactivity.

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets.

Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been used to evaluate kidney function in conscious animals. This technique is well established in rodents to study acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. However, GFR measurement using the transdermal system has not been validated in pigs, a species with a similar renal system to humans.

Induction of reactive oxygen species by mechanical stretch drives endothelin production in neonatal pig renal epithelial cells.

Vasoactive endothelin (ET) is generated by ET converting enzyme (ECE)-induced proteolytic processing of pro-molecule big ET to biologically active peptides. HO has been shown to increase the expression of ECE1 via transactivation of its promoter. The present study demonstrates that HO triggered ECE1-dependent ET1-3 production in neonatal pig proximal tubule (PT) epithelial cells.

K7.1 channel blockade inhibits neonatal renal autoregulation triggered by a step decrease in arterial pressure.

K7 channels, the voltage-gated K channels encoded by KCNQ genes, mediate heterogeneous vascular responses in rodents. Postnatal changes in the functional expression of K7 channels have been reported in rodent saphenous arteries, but their physiological function in the neonatal renal vascular bed is unclear. Here, we report that, unlike adult pigs, only KCNQ1 (K7.

Luteolin Attenuates Glycerol-Induced Acute Renal Failure and Cardiac Complications Through Modulation of Kim-1/NF-κB/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways.

Acute renal failure (ARF) has been documented as a life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality. We investigated the protective effect of Luteolin against ARF. In this study, forty-male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups ( = 10).

Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension among school children in Ilorin, Northcentral Nigeria.

Background: The global prevalence of childhood hypertension has increased from 1% to 2% to 4%-5%, with a value as high as 9.8% reported in Nigeria. However, the various risk factors associated with childhood hypertension in Nigeria are less explored.

Luteolin-mediated Kim-1/NF-kB/Nrf2 signaling pathways protects sodium fluoride-induced hypertension and cardiovascular complications.

The use of sodium fluoride (NaF) as a major ingredient for tooth paste, mouth wash, and mouth rinse has become inevitable in our day-to-day life. However, flavonoids such as Luteolin might be of great value in the prevention of toxicity associated with accidental or inevitable ingestion of NaF. In the study, 40 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in a group.

Ameliorative effect of Rutin on sodium fluoride-induced hypertension through modulation of Kim-1/NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats.

Sodium fluoride is one of the neglected environmental contaminants. Inorganic fluorides in the environment are found in the air, water, and land. In the study, forty-male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in a group.

Quercetin attenuates hypertension induced by sodium fluoride via reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of HSP 70/ERK/PPARγ signaling pathways.

Hypertension is one of the silent killers in the world with high mortality and morbidity. The exposure of humans and animals to fluoride and/or fluoride containing compounds is almost inevitable. This study investigated the modulatory effects of quercetin on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hypertension and cardiovascular complications.

Antihypertensive Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Azadirachta indica on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension and Cardiorenal Dysfunction.

(AI) is a medicinal plant with reported antioxidant and cardio-protective properties. The use of plant-based polyphenols has become greatly increased in the last one decade. The present study investigated the protective effect of the polyphenol-rich fraction (PRF) of the methanol-extract of against N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension and cardiorenal dysfunction in rats.

Toxicological Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Clarias gariepinus from Igbokoda River of South Western Nigeria.

This study evaluated the environmental safety of Igbokoda River, a popular fishing hub in an oil producing area in Nigeria. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metals were determined in the liver and muscle of Clarias gariepinus from Igbokoda River and also in fish samples from a clean fish farm (control). Water samples from both sites were analysed for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals and bacterial contamination.