Exploring high entropy alloys: A review on thermodynamic design and computational modeling strategies for advanced materials applications.

In the quest for materials that can withstand the rigors of modern engineering applications, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a frontier in material science owing to their unprecedented combination of properties. This review focuses on intricate thermodynamic and computational modeling to guide the design and optimization of HEAs. By dissecting the foundational "four core effects" intrinsic to HEAs-high entropy, sluggish diffusion, severe lattice distortion, and cocktail effect-we illuminate the path towards predictable and tailored material properties.

Short-Form Video Informed Consent Compared With Written Consent for Adolescents and Young Adults: Randomized Experiment.

Background: Adolescents and young adults have the highest prevalence of e-cigarette use ("vaping"), but they are difficult to enroll in health research studies. Previous studies have found that video consent can improve comprehension and make informed consent procedures more accessible, but the videos in previous studies are much longer than videos on contemporary social media platforms that are popular among young people.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a short-form (90-second) video consent compared with a standard written consent for a vaping cessation study for adolescents and young adults.

Metallic nanoparticles: a promising novel therapeutic tool against antimicrobial resistance and spread of superbugs.

In recent years, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an alarming threat to global health as notable increase in morbidity and mortality has been ascribed to the emergence of superbugs. The increase in microbial resistance because of harboured or inherited resistomes has been complicated by the lack of new and effective antimicrobial agents, as well as misuse and failure of existing ones. These problems have generated severe and growing public health concern, due to high burden of bacterial infections resulting from scarce financial resources and poor functioning health systems, among others.

Cardiovascular Disease Patterns, Mortality, and Hospitalization Trends in Adults Over 18: Insights From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Database.

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension, are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and public health initiatives, the prevalence of CVD continues to rise. Hence, understanding trends of predisposing factors for CVD and current treatment modalities such as medication use and frequency of hospitalization is essential for developing effective interventions and improving public health strategies.

Facilitators and barriers to the adoption of active back-support exoskeletons in the construction industry.

Introduction: Active back-support exoskeletons are gaining more awareness as a solution to the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the construction industry. This study aims to understand the factors that influence the adoption of active back-support exoskeletons in the construction industry.

Method: A literature review was conducted to gather relevant adoption factors related to exoskeleton implementation.

Monitoring Multi-Drug Resistant in Kitagata Hot Spring, Southwestern Uganda: A Public Health Implication.

Background: The concerning frequency of in various recreational settings, is noteworthy, especially regarding multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. This superbug is linked to the rapid spread of plasmids carrying these resistance genes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal prevalence of MDR- in the Kitagata hot spring, Southwestern Uganda.

A landscape review of malaria vaccine candidates in the pipeline.

Background: Globally, malaria continues to pose a major health challenge, with approximately 247 million cases of the illness and 627,000 deaths reported in 2021. However, the threat is particularly pronounced in sub-Saharan African countries, where pregnant women and children under the age of five face heightened vulnerability to the disease. As a result, the imperative to develop malaria vaccines especially for these vulnerable populations, remains crucial in the pursuit of malaria eradication.

Assessment of Depressive Symptoms and Sociodemographic Correlates of Adult Patients Attending a National Health Insurance Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Depression affects individuals across all age groups, genders, and socio-economic backgrounds. Socio-demographic correlates of depression may include factors such as age, gender, education level, income, and marital status. These factors, including the presence of chronic diseases, have been shown to impact the prevalence and severity of depression.

Evaluation of thoracic inlet view plain radiograph in the management of patients with goitre.

Background: Thoracic inlet view radiograph is an investigation for assessing patients with goitre in many centres in the sub-Saharan-region. However, there is paucity of information on its usefulness in the diagnosis of retrosternal goitre (RSG) and in planning for thyroidectomy.

Method: A review of patients with goitre managed in the Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2002 and 2014 was done.

A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL ON CLINICAL EFFICACY OF SODIUM PERBORATE MIXED WITH DISTILLED WATER AND 30% HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN THE LIGHTENING OF NON-VITAL DISCOLOURED ANTERIOR TEETH.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of sodium perborate mixed with distilled water and sodium perborate mixed with 30% hydrogen peroxide as non-vital bleaching agent of anterior discolored teeth.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken among 61 patients who presented with 70 discolored anterior teeth at the Conservative and Family Dentistry Clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The 70 teeth were randomly allocated into two groups of treatments.

RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK: LESSONS FROM A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE FACILITY IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA.

Background: Mitigating the risk of nosocomial infection is one of the core functions of healthcare managers in hospital environments. This study aimed to describe the COVID-19 outbreak response in a tertiary healthcare facility in Nigeria.

Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted among representatives of Heads of Infection Control Committees and units, the Accident and Emergency unit, Family Medicine unit, and Private Suites on the COVID-19 outbreak response at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Validation of an online version of the rapid estimate of adult literacy in dentistry-30 for use by medical and dental students in Nigeria.

Background: The need for online adaptations of research instruments became more pronounced amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to modify the REALD-30 for online application (eREALD-30) and evaluate its content validity and internal reliability among medical and dental students in Nigeria.

Methods: The eREALD-30 required participants to identify if each of the listed words were related to dentistry by ticking either a 'yes' or 'no' response with the option to mark 'don't know' for words they were unsure about.

A Comparison of Chlorhexidine-Alcohol and Povidone-Iodine-Alcohol on the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) persists as a global challenge, accounting for 20%-25% of all healthcare-associated infections. The SSI rate has been reported to range from 2.5% to 41.

Transforming malaria prevention and control: the prospects and challenges of gene drive technology for mosquito management.

In the era of insecticides and anti-malarial drug resistance, gene drive technology holds considerable promise for malaria control. Gene drive technology deploys genetic modifications into mosquito populations to impede their ability to transmit the malaria parasite. This can be either through the disruption of an essential mosquito gene or the association of gene drive with a desirable effector gene.

Food insecurity and associated factors among households with under-5 children in slum communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction: Food insecurity is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence of household food insecurity and its associated factors among under-5 children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional household survey of 1,027 under-5 children and their caregivers in urban and rural slums in Ibadan.

Driving the implementation of the National Health Act of Nigeria to improve the health of her population.

The Nigerian government has previously implemented policies to achieve universal health coverage, however, only few are health-insured. In 2022, the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria passed the bill for the National Health Insurance Act. As a result of this development and the ensuing target of providing health insurance to all Nigerians by 2030, efforts to combat the high prevalence of poverty caused by out-of-pocket medical expenses while engaging with State Health Insurance Agencies are now more feasible than ever.

Reference Values for 3-Meter Backward Walk Test among Apparently Healthy Adults.

Objective: The 3-meter backward walk (3MBW) test is an outcome performance measure to assess backward walking mobility, balance, and risk of fall. However, the lack of baseline values is a potential limitation for its use as a rehabilitation target value or predictor of outcomes. This study aimed at ascertaining a gender- and age-reference value of 3MBW and determining its correlation with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables.

Varietal impact on women's labour, workload and related drudgery in processing root, tuber and banana crops: focus on cassava in sub-Saharan Africa.

Roots, tubers and cooking bananas are bulky and highly perishable. In Africa, except for yams, their consumption is mainly after transport, peeling and cooking in the form of boiled pieces or dough, a few days after harvest. To stabilize and better preserve the products and, in the case of cassava, release toxic cyanogenic glucosides, a range of intermediate products have been developed, mainly for cassava, related to fermentation and drying after numerous processing operations.

Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients With Surgical Breast Cancer: Risks and Outcomes.

Background The Caprini risk assessment model has been validated in breast cancer surgery patients. However, its utility in our population has not been described. This study evaluated the benefits and risks of the Caprini risk stratification tool and the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the 30-day postoperative period among surgical female patients with breast cancer who were hospitalized during their treatment.

Perceived risk factors and preventive practices of Hepatitis B viral infection among pregnant women in Nigerian hospitals: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: The study assessed the perceived risk factors and prevention practices of HBV infection among pregnant women in Nigerian hospitals.

Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at two purposefully selected primary health care centers in Ile-Ife. Women were included in the study using systematic sampling.

Small intestinal obstruction due to subserosa fibrolipoma in a 2-year-old child: A case report and literature review.

Lipomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are generally rare. They are rare in children, and when they occur they are usually submucosa. Most of the submucosa lipomas of GIT are present in the colon (65%-75%) and small intestine (25%).