Predictors of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Non-Diabetic Adult Hospital Visitors: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Religious Groups in Northern Israel.

Ethnocultural differences between Jewish and Arab communities in Northern Israel may contribute to disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence. Widespread screening strategies, including hospital-based initiatives, are crucial for early detection of hyperglycemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postprandial hyperglycemia and identify its associated factors in a diverse population of non-diabetic adults visiting the Galilee Medical Center, a tertiary care hospital in Northern Israel.

GLP-1 receptor agonists may enhance the effects of desmopressin in individuals with AVP deficiency: a case series and proposed mechanism.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have diverse effects on sodium and water homeostasis. They decrease thirst perception, potentially inhibit arginine vasopressin (AVP) production, and induce natriuresis. We present three cases of AVP deficiency (AVP-D) where GLP-1 RA initiation led to desmopressin dose reduction.

Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is tightly linked to obesity, leading to ectopic fat accumulation in internal organs. Weight management has become a cornerstone of T2DM treatment, with evidence suggesting that significant weight loss can induce remission. Remission, defined as sustained hemoglobin (HbA1c) below 6.

Real-world effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes, with and without albuminuria.

Aim: To examine the renal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition among non-diabetic individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a real-world setting.

Methods: We collected de-identified data on adults without diabetes and with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25-60 mL/min/1.73 m, who initiated the SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin or empagliflozin between September 2020 and November 2022 at Maccabi Healthcare Services, an Israeli health maintenance organization.

Safety and Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Fasting during Ramadan: A Review.

This review evaluates the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) fasting during Ramadan. All studies included in the review were conducted in Asia and the Middle East. Overall, the evidence suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are a safe and effective treatment option for most T2DM patients fasting during Ramadan.

Use of prescription opioids in Israel and socio-economic correlations between 2010 and 2020.

Background: The use of opioids has increased dramatically over the past several years in Israel. The aim of this study was to explore the trends of opioid consumption in Israel over a decade (2010-2020) stratified by socioeconomic status (SES), residence in the periphery, and ethnic background.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included all adult Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) patients who filled at least one prescription for opioids during the past decade.

Common Bacterial Infections during the 3-Month Period after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infections have mainly been studied in hospitals, and these studies have shown that such interactions may be lethal for many. In the context of community flora, less is known of the trends and consequences of viral infections relative to subsequent bacterial infections.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the prevalence and characteristics of bacterial infections in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infections, in a community, real-world setting.

Clinical Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with and without SGLT2 Inhibitor Treatment: A Retrospective Study.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical course and outcomes of DKA in T2DM patients who received treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors versus those who did not.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on T2DM patients who were admitted to the Rambam Health Care Campus with DKA between 7/2015 and 9/2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records.

A beneficial role of GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in ABCC8-MODY (MODY 12).

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an inherited form of diabetes resulting from a mutation in a single gene. ABCC8-MODY is caused by mutations in the ABCC8 gene, which encodes sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), a regulatory component of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K) channel found in beta cells. In ABCC8-MODY, mutations in the ABCC8 gene interfere with insulin secretion in response to glucose.

Cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents with overweight and Class 1 obesity: A cross-sectional study. Insights from stratification of Class 1 obesity.

Context: Severe childhood obesity is associated with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). Among children with Class 1 obesity, higher BMI may indicate greater cardiometabolic risk. Class 1 obesity reflects a wide spectrum of BMI values.

Screening for non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in women: New insights using different immunoassays.

Context: The 250µg-cosyntropin stimulation test (CST) is used to diagnose non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH). The current recommendation is to perform CST when follicular 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) is 6-30 nmol/L, a cutoff derived from radioimmunoassay (RIA). Recently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has replaced RIA.

The correlation between testosterone, inflammation and cytokine status in type-2 diabetes men.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to cause hypogonadism through increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a primary cytokine associated with T2DM. The study explored the association between total testosterone (TT) level and cytokines status in 53 adult males, 27 T2DM (T2DM group) and 26 non-T2DM (control group).

Hypoglycemia in diabetes: An update on pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention.

Hypoglycemia is a common complication in patients with diabetes, mainly in those treated with insulin, sulfonylurea, or glinide. Impairments in counterregulatory responses and hypoglycemia unawareness constitute the main risk factors for severe hypoglycemia. Episodes of hypoglycemia are associated with physical and psychological morbidity.

Outcomes of pituitary apoplexy: a comparison of microadenomas and macroadenomas.

Purpose: We aimed to assess clinical characteristics of apoplexy of pituitary microadenomas compared to macroadenomas.

Methods: We retrieved clinical records of patients > 18 years old, hospitalized in Rambam hospital between January 2001 and October 2017, with pituitary apoplexy and follow-up of at least one year. We compared clinical course and outcomes of apoplexy between patients with microadenomas and macroadenomas, and between patients who received conservative or surgical treatment.

Interactions between antihyperglycemic drugs and the renin-angiotensin system: Putative roles in COVID-19. A mini-review.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor for host cell entry. We aimed to assess the interactions between antihyperglycemic drugs and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and their putative roles in COVID-19.

Effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on genital infections in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus- Real world data analysis.

Aims: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are associated with increased risk of genital infections. We aimed to assess incidence and risk factors associated with genital infections among female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.

Methods: We retrieved data on adult female patients with T2DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin or dapagliflozin during March 2015-March 2018, in a large Israeli health maintenance organization (HMO).

Management of cystic prolactinomas: a review.

Introduction: Cystic prolactinoma is a variant of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. The strategies for the management of cystic prolactinoma have not been addressed thoroughly in clinical guidelines.

Methods: A literature search was performed using Pubmed to review the current approaches to the treatment of cystic prolactinoma.

Cabergoline treatment for recurrent Cushing's disease during pregnancy.

Objective: Cushing's disease during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for maternal and fetal complications. In recurrent Cushing`s disease following transsphenoidal surgery, and when re-operation is not feasible, medical treatment is usually considered. Cabergoline was found to be effective in reducing hypercortisolism in Cushing's disease.

Increased aortic wall thickness for the diagnosis of aortitis: a computed tomography-based study.

Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT)-measured aortic wall thickness (AWT) as a sole imaging finding for the confirmation of clinically suspected aortitis.

Methods: CT scans of 20 patients with the diagnosis of aortitis, endorsed by the abnormally thickened aortic wall, as a single imaging finding, and 250 patients without known aortitis were reviewed and AWT manually measured at the levels of thoracic descending aorta, upper abdominal aorta and infrarenal aorta, as well as the level of maximal AWT in patients with diagnosed aortitis. Patients' charts were analyzed and demographic data and data on co-morbidities extracted.

Dexamethasone-suppressed corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in morbid obese adults.

Purpose: In order to differentiate between Cushing's syndrome (CS) and Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome, it is customary to use a test that is conducted by cortisol suppression with low-dose dexamethasone, followed by the administration of corticotropin releasing hormone (Dex-CRH test). In children with severe obesity, Dex-CRH test has shown a specificity of 55%. The aim of current study was to evaluate the specificity of Dex-CRH test in morbid obese adults.