Melorheostosis: A Pediatric Case of a Rare Association With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Melorheostosis is a rare chronic disease commonly affecting long bones of the lower extremity with the typical imaging feature of hyperostosis "candle wax pattern." Typically associated with pain, deformities, stiffness, and joint movement restriction (due to contracture and fibrosis), it may also be asymptomatic. Melorheostosis is considered a benign disease but can be extremely debilitating, especially in a pediatric context where progression can be faster than in adults.

Osteonecrosis of the Lunate Following Three-Corner Arthrodesis: A Case Report.

Scaphoid lunate advanced collapse (SLAC) is the most frequently encountered cause of wrist osteoarthritis. Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and four-orner arthrodesis (4CA) are the two main surgical options to address it. Three three-corner arthrodesis (3CA) was introduced in 1997 as an alternative to PRC and 4CA.

Atlas of Sonographic Anatomy of the Hand and Wrist.

Accurate knowledge of the technique of ultrasonographic (US) examination and of normal US appearance is a prerequisite for a successful US examination of the wrist and hand. In this article, we describe our standard US examination as well as the normal US findings of the hand and wrist.

Sonographic and radiographic evaluation of the extensor tendons in early postoperative period after total knee arthroplasty.

Objective: To prospectively assess the early changes in the quadriceps and patellar tendons before and after total knee arthroplasty using ultrasound, shear wave elastography, and X-rays.

Materials And Methods: Radiographs, ultrasound, and shear wave elastography were performed on 23 patients (16 women; aged 51-85, mean 66 ± 9 years) before and after surgery at 6 weeks and on 11 patients at 3 months. Patellar position and patellar tendon lengths were evaluated by radiography; joint effusion or synovitis, quadriceps and patellar tendon lengths, and thicknesses, echogenicity, vascularity, and stiffness were assessed with ultrasound and shear wave elastography.

Prevalence and frequency of subchondral bone marrow edema in the lumbar facet joints of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.

Objective: To prospectively compare the prevalence and frequency of subchondral bone marrow edema (BME) in the lumbar facet joints of low back pain patients and healthy subjects.

Materials And Methods: Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed on 55 asymptomatic participants (18 men; age range 21-63; mean 36 ± 12 years; body mass index (BMI) range 16-31; mean 22.6 ± 3.

Nerves Around the Shoulder: What the Radiologist Should Know?

Peripheral neuropathies of the shoulder are common and could be related to traumatic injury, shoulder surgery, infection or tumour but usually they result from an entrapment syndrome. Imaging plays an important role to detect the underlying causes, to assess the precise topography and the severity of nerve damage. The key points concerning the imaging of nerve entrapment syndrome are the knowledge of the particular topography of the injured nerve, and the morphology as well signal modifications of the corresponding muscles.

Sonography of the Pronator Teres: Normal and Pathologic Appearances.

The pronator teres muscle is rarely examined during a routine sonographic examination of the elbow joint. Nevertheless, it can be affected by a variety of conditions, including trauma and tumors, and can be implicated in compression of the median nerve. This pictorial essay first illustrates the anatomy and biomechanics of the pronator teres.

Pulmonary emphysema: effect of lung volume on objective quantification at thin-section CT.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate the effect of submaximal inspiration on computed tomographic (CT) indexes used to quantify emphysema and to discriminate between effects of lung tissue loss and increase in total lung capacity (TLC) on these indexes.

Materials And Methods: In this ethical committee-approved study, 20 control subjects and 16 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who provided written informed consent were included. Three 1-mm-thick sections were obtained from each participant at 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, and 50% of vital capacity (VC).

Pulmonary emphysema: size distribution of emphysematous spaces on multidetector CT images--comparison with macroscopic and microscopic morphometry.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the frequency-size distribution of low-attenuation areas could be a parameter to quantify pulmonary emphysema.

Materials And Methods: Ethics committee approval and written informed consent were obtained. Multidetector computed tomographic (CT) scans were performed with simultaneous acquisition of four 1-mm sections of the whole chest in 80 patients (57 men, 23 women; age range, 38-79 years) who were referred for surgical resection of lung cancer.

Pulmonary emphysema: radiation dose and section thickness at multidetector CT quantification--comparison with macroscopic and microscopic morphometry.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate the effects of radiation dose and section thickness on quantitative multidetector computed tomographic (CT) indexes of pulmonary emphysema.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this protocol. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Pulmonary emphysema: objective quantification at multi-detector row CT--comparison with macroscopic and microscopic morphometry.

Purpose: To prospectively compare pulmonary function tests and helical computed tomographic (CT) indexes for quantifying pulmonary emphysema with macroscopic and microscopic morphometry.

Materials And Methods: The investigation was approved by the local ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from patients. Multi-detector row CT of the thorax was performed with simultaneous acquisition of four 1-mm sections in 80 patients (57 men, 23 women; age range, 38-79 years) referred for surgical resection of lung cancer.

CT quantification of pulmonary emphysema: assessment of lung structure and function.

Accurate diagnosis and quantification of pulmonary emphysema in vivo is important to understand the natural history of the disease, to assess the extent of the disease, and to evaluate and follow-up therapeutic interventions. Because pulmonary emphysema is defined by pathology, new diagnostic methods for quantification should be validated by reference to pathological and histological standards. Recent studies have addressed the capability of computed tomography (CT) to accurately quantify pulmonary emphysema.