Development and testing of secondary ion accelerator for ITER neutral particle diagnostic system.

This paper presents the results of the development and testing of a secondary ion accelerator for the diagnostic complex of neutral particle analyzers at ITER. The accelerator is part of an analyzer designed to measure fluxes of neutral deuterium and tritium particles escaping from reactor plasma in a total range of 10-200 keV. The aim of the accelerator is to improve the signal/background ratio of the analyzer.

[Features of performing surgical dental operations in patients with blood tumor diseases].

Objective: The aim of the study is the increasing the efficiency and improving the quality of dental surgical care for patients with tumor diseases of the blood system.

Material And Methods: For the period from 2020 to 2022 The authors examined and treated 15 patients with tumor diseases of the blood system who were hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Of these, 11 provided dental surgical benefit.

[Succinate salts in solving the «oxygen paradox» of reperfusion].

Reperfusion damage to the cellular structures of tissues in the early post-ischemic period is a consequence of the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation. Currently, there is no effective treatment for reperfusion metabolic disorders in clinical practice. Over the past decades, biological studies of hypoxia and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1), potentiating succinatoxidase oxidation by signal from the succinate-dependent receptor (GPR91), have significantly improved the understanding of oxygen homeostasis during the period of recovery of blood flow.

[Bilateral acute purulent mumps in patients with COVID-19].

The Aim Of The Study: To familiarize dentists with the features of the clinical course of acute purulent mumps occurring in patients with COVID-19.

Material And Methods: Four patients aged 73 to 89 years with acute bilateral purulent mumps, which occurred against the background of COVID-19, were under observation. The patients were treated for COVID-19, and acute purulent mumps was also treated.

Bench tests of a helium ion source for the neutral particle diagnostic system of the ITER tokamak.

Bench tests of a 15 keV helium ion source, which has been developed for the neutral particle diagnostic system of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), are described. Being part of the diagnostic system, the ion source will be used to monitor the intactness of carbon stripping foils as well as to check the detection and dispersion systems of the main diagnostic instruments-neutral particle analyzers (NPAs). The ion source produces a wide 5-cm diameter (FWHM) ion beam at a distance of about 50 cm; the ion beam uniformity at a 2-cm area corresponding to the size of the stripping foil is not worse than 10%.

[Impacted teeth extraction in patients with hematological disorders].

The operation of complex tooth extraction in patients with hemorrhagic syndrome is a difficult task. The authors developed a method of complex tooth extraction in their retention in patients with hemorrhagic syndrome. The study found that the proposed method allowed to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic complications and optimize the healing of post-extraction wounds.

A sensitive and specific lateral flow assay for rapid detection of antibodies against glycoprotein B of Aujeszky's disease virus.

A direct double antibody lateral flow assay (DDA-gB-LFA) for the detection of antibodies against the glycoprotein B (gB) of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in swine sera was developed. A native ADV gB was used for the preparation of a conjugate with colloidal gold particles and the immobilization on the strip membrane. The gB purified from ADV virions by immunoaffinity chromatography retained its native epitope structure after adsorption on the nitrocellulose membrane and the surface of colloidal gold particles.

Development of a competitive double antibody lateral flow assay for the detection of antibodies specific to glycoprotein B of Aujeszky's disease virus in swine sera.

Three lateral flow assays (LFAs) for the detection of antibodies against glycoprotein B (gB) of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in swine sera: a competitive double antibody sandwich LFA without a preincubation step (CDAS-gB-LFA), a CDAS-gB-LFA with a preincubation step (pCDAS-gB-LFA), and a competitive direct gB-LFA have been developed and were compared with each other and with a gB-ELISA. The assays are based on monoclonal antibodies to immunodominant epitopes of ADV gB. The pCDAS-gB-LFA proved to be the most specific and sensitive assay to detect antibodies directed to ADV gB.

Phospholipids of liver cell nuclei during hibernation of Yakutian ground squirrel.

In hibernating Yakutian ground squirrels S. undulatus, the content of total phospholipids in the nuclei of liver increased by 40% compared to that in animals in summer. In torpid state, the amount of sphingomyelin increased almost 8 times; phosphatidylserine, 7 times; and cardiolipin, 4 times.

Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are involved in the binding of Hsp90α and Hsp90β to the cell plasma membrane.

Extracellular membrane-bound and secreted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is known to be involved in cell motility and invasion. The mechanism of Hsp90 anchoring to the plasma membrane remains obscure. We showed that treatment of human glioblastoma A-172 and fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells with sodium chlorate, heparinase, and heparin causes a prominent loss of 2 Hsp90 cytosolic isoforms, Hsp90α and Hsp90β, from the cell surface and strongly inhibits the binding of exogenous Hsp90 to cells.

Increasing Accuracy: A New Design and Algorithm for Automatically Measuring Weights, Travel Direction and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) of Penguins.

A fully automated weighbridge using a new algorithm and mechanics integrated with a Radio Frequency Identification System is described. It is currently in use collecting data on Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) at Bird Island, South Georgia. The technology allows researchers to collect very large, highly accurate datasets of both penguin weight and direction of their travel into or out of a breeding colony, providing important contributory information to help understand penguin breeding success, reproductive output and availability of prey.

An exception to the rule: carry-over effects do not accumulate in a long-distance migratory bird.

Recent years have seen a growing consensus that events during one part of an animal's annual cycle can detrimentally affect its future fitness. Notably, migratory species have been shown to commonly display such carry-over effects, facing severe time constraints and physiological stresses that can influence events across seasons. However, to date, no study has examined a full annual cycle to determine when these carry-over effects arise and how long they persist within and across years.

At-sea behavior varies with lunar phase in a nocturnal pelagic seabird, the swallow-tailed gull.

Strong and predictable environmental variability can reward flexible behaviors among animals. We used long-term records of activity data that cover several lunar cycles to investigate whether behavior at-sea of swallow-tailed gulls Creagrus furcatus, a nocturnal pelagic seabird, varied with lunar phase in the Galápagos Islands. A Bayesian hierarchical model showed that nighttime at-sea activity of 37 breeding swallow-tailed gulls was clearly associated with changes in moon phase.

The annual cycle of a trans-equatorial Eurasian-African passerine migrant: different spatio-temporal strategies for autumn and spring migration.

The small size of the billions of migrating songbirds commuting between temperate breeding sites and the tropics has long prevented the study of the largest part of their annual cycle outside the breeding grounds. Using light-level loggers (geolocators), we recorded the entire annual migratory cycle of the red-backed shrike Lanius collurio, a trans-equatorial Eurasian-African passerine migrant. We tested differences between autumn and spring migration for nine individuals.

Ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat organs and tissues under artificial hypobiosis.

The influence of hypothermia-hypoxia-hypercapnia on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.

Effects of post-breeding moult and energetic condition on timing of songbird migration into the tropics.

Each autumn billions of songbirds migrate between the temperate zone and tropics, but little is known about how events on the breeding grounds affect migration to the tropics. Here, we use light level geolocators to track the autumn migration of wood thrushes Hylocichla mustelina and test for the first time if late moult and poor physiological condition prior to migration delays arrival on the winter territory. Late nesting thrushes postponed feather moult, and birds with less advanced moult in August were significantly farther north on 10 October while en route to the tropics.

Year-round tracking of small trans-Saharan migrants using light-level geolocators.

Since 1899 ringing (or banding) remained the most important source of information about migration routes, stopover sites and wintering grounds for birds that are too small to carry satellite-based tracking systems. Despite the large quantity of migrating birds ringed in their breeding areas in Europe, the number of ring recoveries from sub-Saharan Africa is very low and therefore the whereabouts of most small bird species outside the breeding season remain a mystery. With new miniaturized light-level geolocators it is now possible to look beyond the limits of ring recovery data.

Bringing home the trash: do colony-based differences in foraging distribution lead to increased plastic ingestion in Laysan albatrosses?

When searching for prey, animals should maximize energetic gain, while minimizing energy expenditure by altering their movements relative to prey availability. However, with increasing amounts of marine debris, what once may have been 'optimal' foraging strategies for top marine predators, are leading to sub-optimal diets comprised in large part of plastic. Indeed, the highly vagile Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) which forages throughout the North Pacific, are well known for their tendency to ingest plastic.

Tracking long-distance songbird migration by using geolocators.

We mapped migration routes of migratory songbirds to the Neotropics by using light-level geolocators mounted on breeding purple martins (Progne subis) and wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina). Wood thrushes from the same breeding population occupied winter territories within a narrow east-west band in Central America, suggesting high connectivity of breeding and wintering populations. Pace of spring migration was rapid (233 to 577 kilometers/day) except for one individual (159 kilometers/day) who took an overland route instead of crossing the Gulf of Mexico.

Postoperative change of anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich and Tn IgG level: the follow-up study of gastrointestinal cancer patients.

Aim: To study the influence of tumor removal on the serum level of IgG antibodies to tumor-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF), Tn carbohydrate epitopes and xenogeneic alphaGal, and to elucidate on the change of the level during the follow-up as well as its association with the stage and morphology of the tumor and the values of blood parameters in gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: Sixty patients with gastric cancer and 34 patients with colorectal cancer in stages I-IV without distant metastases were subjected to follow-up. The level of antibodies in serum was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using synthetic polyacrylamide (PAA) glycoconjugates.

Revisiting Lévy flight search patterns of wandering albatrosses, bumblebees and deer.

The study of animal foraging behaviour is of practical ecological importance, and exemplifies the wider scientific problem of optimizing search strategies. Lévy flights are random walks, the step lengths of which come from probability distributions with heavy power-law tails, such that clusters of short steps are connected by rare long steps. Lévy flights display fractal properties, have no typical scale, and occur in physical and chemical systems.

Neutral particle analyzer measurements on the SSPX spheromak.

A neutral particle analyzer is used to measure the time-resolved energy spectrum of neutral hydrogen leaving a spheromak plasma. A gas cell filled with 10-50 mTorr of helium is used to strip electrons from incoming neutral hydrogen, lowering the minimum detectable energy well below that obtained with thin foils. Effective neutral particle temperature is calculated by fitting a Maxwellian energy distribution to the measured energy spectrum above and below approximately 300 eV.

From cradle to early grave: juvenile mortality in European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis results from inadequate development of foraging proficiency.

In most long-lived animal species, juveniles survive less well than adults. A potential mechanism is inferior foraging skills but longitudinal studies that follow the development of juvenile foraging are needed to test this. We used miniaturized activity loggers to record daily foraging times of juvenile and adult European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis from fledging to the following spring.