Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Soft Tissue in the Distal Phalanx of the Great Toe: A Case Report.

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor originating from neural crest cells. Histologically resembling malignant melanoma but lacking cutaneous precursor lesions, CCS is characterized by a specific chromosomal translocation (t[12;22][q13;q12]). Primarily affecting young adults, this tumor typically arises in the extremities, especially the knee, foot, and ankle.

Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer Using Weakly Supervised Learning.

Purpose: The molecular classification of breast cancer is crucial for effective treatment. The emergence of digital pathology has ushered in a new era in which weakly supervised learning leveraging whole-slide images has gained prominence in developing deep learning models because this approach alleviates the need for extensive manual annotation. Weakly supervised learning was employed to classify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Nipple Schwannoma: A Case Report and Literature Review on Nipple Mass.

Schwannomas are slow-growing benign tumors originating from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheaths. Herein, we report the first documented case of a schwannoma presenting as a painful nipple mass in a 32-year-old woman. This mass initially developed six years ago following a period of breastfeeding.

Factors for risk stratification of patients with actinic keratosis using integrated analysis of clinicopathological features and gene expression patterns.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is considered as precursor lesion of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular studies on AK are limited because of too small size of the biopsy specimen to obtain enough DNA or RNA.

Methods: Twenty biopsy cases of AK, followed by second same-sited biopsies, were included.

Low detection rate of human papillomavirus in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma.

Background: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in keratoacanthoma (KA) remains unclear.

Objectives: To identify possible differences in HPV DNA, detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS), between KAs and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs), which may suggest different pathogenesis.

Materials & Methods: We extracted DNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from samples of 151 patients (105 with cSCCs and 46 with KAs).

A systematic study on phenotypical characteristics of invasive breast carcinoma and surrounding ductal carcinoma in situ in multifocal breast cancers.

Multifocal breast cancers are heterogeneous in terms of histologic characteristics and molecular types. In this study, we annotated multiple foci of invasive lesions and ductal carcinoma in situ lesions of 17 cases of multifocal breast cancer and investigated their immunohistochemical phenotypes (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], human epidermal growth factor 2 [HER2], and Ki-67 proliferative index). Tumor histologic grade, proliferative index, and phenotypes were varied within each patient.

Intratumor Heterogeneity of Synchronous and Invasive Breast Carcinoma Revealed Using Multi-region Exome Sequencing.

Background/aim: Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), defined as a tumor composed of multiple subclones with different characteristics, is widely reported in invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This study aimed to assess the extent of ITH in synchronous DCIS-IBC at the genetic level.

Materials And Methods: A total of 17 lesions from 5 patients were subjected to whole-exome sequencing.

Enhancement of Steel Sandwich Sheet Adhesion Using Mechanical Interlocking Structures Formed by Electrochemical Etching.

Steel sandwich sheets (steel-polymer-steel), which are composed of lightweight polymers bonded on both sides with rigid steel sheets, have recently been developed as functional lightweight materials. In this study, a steel sandwich sheet (electrogalvanized (EG) steel sheet-polypropylene (PP)-EG steel sheet) with improved normal adhesion is fabricated without adhesives. Instead, adhesion is achieved via mechanical interlocking between the etched EG steel sheets and PP.

Eccrine Porocarcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study with Review of the Literatures Reported in Korea.

Background: Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal tumor. Other than several scattered case reports, no comprehensive review on EPC has been conducted in Korea.

Objective: To clinicopathologically review all EPC cases from our institutions as well as those reported in Korea.

Prognostic value of tumor budding in gallbladder cancer: application of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference scoring system.

Tumor budding (TB), a histopathological manifestation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is an important step in cancer invasion and metastasis development. TB has been considered a strong prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. The International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) scoring system is the standardized method used for patient outcome prediction in several human tumors.

Automated immunohistochemical assessment ability to evaluate estrogen and progesterone receptor status compared with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in breast carcinoma patients.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the capability of an automated immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of hormonal receptor status in breast cancer patients compared to a well-validated quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method.

Methods: This study included 93 invasive breast carcinoma cases that had both standard IHC assay and Oncotype Dx assay results. The same paraffin blocks on which Oncotype Dx assay had been performed were selected.

Development and Validation of a Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Multigene Assay to Predict the Prognosis of Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Multigene assays provide useful prognostic information regarding hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based platforms have numerous advantages including reproducibility and adaptability in local laboratories. This study aimed to develop and validate an NGS-based multigene assay to predict the distant recurrence risk.

Clinical Experience with Treatment of Aquafilling Filler-Associated Complications: A Retrospective Study of 146 Cases.

Background: Aquafilling filler is used for breast and buttock augmentation, which are the most commonly performed cosmetic surgery procedures. However, complications after using Aquafilling filler for breast augmentation have been reported, and there are concerns regarding its use in large areas, such as the buttocks. We provide our experience with complications after breast augmentation and buttock augmentation using Aquafilling filler.

High Paip1 Expression as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Translation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. Paip1 and eIF4A1 are translation-associated proteins that mediate the function of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the expression status of Paip1 and eIF4A1 and clinicopathologic features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Human papillomavirus is more frequently detected in the pelvic than non-pelvic area in patients with squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease).

Background: The detection rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Bowen's disease (BD) varies greatly.

Objectives: To detect HPV DNA in BD samples using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and compare HPV detection rates between pelvic and non-pelvic BD.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 99 patients with BD in our institution.

Late-Onset Inflammation in Asian Rhinoplasty Using Alloplastic Implants.

Background: Late-onset inflammation is a rare complication that may occur several months to years after undergoing an uneventful rhinoplasty using alloplastic implants and an uneventful postoperative course. Studies to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of late-onset inflammation related to implants used in rhinoplasty are limited. The purpose of the study was to analyze differences between non-healthy capsules (NHC) with late-onset inflammation and healthy capsules (HC) without inflammation as controls to determine the possible cause of the inflammation.

Clinical experience with surgical debridement and simultaneous meshed skin grafts in treating biofilm-associated infection: an exploratory retrospective pilot study.

Current treatment guidelines for biofilm-associated infections (BAI) recommend repeated sharp/surgical debridement followed by treatment with antimicrobial agents until the wound becomes self-sustaining in terms of a positive wound-healing trajectory. However, complete removal of a biofilm is unlikely, and biofilms reform rapidly. We have treated BAI in patients with chronic diabetic ulcers using a meshed skin graft combined with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) immediately after surgical debridement, rather than waiting until the development of clean and healthy granulation tissue; the purpose of this exploratory study was to report the clinical results of this treatment strategy.

Adult-onset lichen striatus versus adult blaschkitis: a clinicopathological review of 40 cases of acquired blaschkolinear inflammatory dermatosis.

Background: Since the first description of adult blaschkitis (AB), the existence of this entity has been a matter of great debate.

Objectives: To compare clinicopathological features of lichen striatus (LS) and AB cases.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological features of patients who clinically showed linear inflammatory dermatosis along Blaschko's lines based on a skin biopsy registry.

High expression of DEK is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

DEK is an oncogene that has been identified as part of the DEK-CAN fusion gene. DEK plays a role in carcinogenesis through WNT signaling and induces cell proliferation through cyclin-dependent kinase signaling. DEK overexpression has been reported in HCC, but the clinical significance is unclear.

Examination of the Biomark assay as an alternative to Oncotype DX for defining chemotherapy benefit.

Currently the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay called Oncotype DX is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline for defining the benefit of chemotherapy. To overcome the cost disadvantages of the Oncotype DX assay and the turnaround time, a multigene assay was examined to compare the correlation of the RS and the predicted score (PS) of the present study. Paraffin-embedded tissues of 50 cases with early-stage estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, who underwent the Oncotype DX test were used.

Recurrence prediction using microRNA expression in hormone receptor positive breast cancer during tamoxifen treatment.

Purpose: To identify miRNAs associated with distant recurrence during tamoxifen treatment and build a recurrence prediction model.

Materials And Methods: We measured the expression of five miRNAs (miR-134, miR-125b-5P, miRNA-30a, miR-10a-5p and miR-222). A total of 176 tumour tissues from 176 patients who had hormone receptor positive breast cancer with tamoxifen treatment were used to measure miRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

The expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 and estrogen receptor as prognostic factor on breast cancer patient.

Background: Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) has been known to be an associated factor with breast cancer progression. However, there has been little study with respect to the relationship between the expression of IRS-1 and breast cancer prognosis in clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the estrogen receptor (ER) and IRS-1 on the recurrence and survival of breast cancer patients.