Effect of a hybrid team-based advanced cardiopulmonary life support simulation program for clinical nurses.

Background: During in-hospital cardiac arrest events, clinical nurses are often the first responders; therefore, nurses require sufficient advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) competency. This study aimed to verify the effects of a hybrid team-based ACLS simulation (HTAS) program (developed in this study) on nurses' ACLS performance, specifically ACLS knowledge, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) self-efficacy, and CPR-related stress.

Methods: The developed HTAS comprised four lecture videos, one team-based skills training video, and a team-based ACLS simulation.

Spatio-temporal trends in caries: A study on children in Berlin-Mitte.

Background: Significant inequalities in caries distribution among children in Germany have been reported, but small-scale areas remain understudied.

Aim: To examine spatio-temporal trends in children's dental caries at the small-area level in Berlin-Mitte.

Design: Routinely collected data from Berlin's annual Health Examination Surveys were used, which also include information on age, sex, country of origin, and residential area.

Dawn of the Visible Monkey: Segmentation of the Rhesus Monkey for 2D and 3D Applications.

Background: To properly utilize the sectioned images in a Visible Monkey dataset, it is essential to segment the images into distinct structures. This segmentation allows the sectioned images to be compiled into two-dimensional or three-dimensional software packages to facilitate anatomy and radiology education, and allows them to be used in experiments involving electromagnetic radiation. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the potential of the sectioned images using the segmented images.

[Developing the predictive model for the group at high risk for colon cancer].

Objectives: We developed the predictive model for the incidence of colon cancer by utilizing the health screening data of the National Health Insurance in Korea. We also explored the characteristics of the high risk group for colon cancer.

Methods: The predictive model was used to determine those people who have a high risk for colon cancer within 2 years of their NHI health screening, and we excluded the people who had already been treated for cancer or who were cancer patient.

Repression by oxidative stress of iNOS and cytokine gene induction in macrophages results from AP-1 and NF-kappaB inhibition mediated by B cell translocation gene-1 activation.

Previously, we reported that oxidative stress caused by sulfur amino acid deficiency (SD) induces B cell translocation gene-1 (Btg-1), which belongs to the Apro family, in hepatocytes. In view of the impairment of immune function by protein restriction that causes SD, this study investigated whether SD or other oxidative stress inhibits iNOS and cytokine expression and induces Btg-1 in macrophages and explored the causal relationship of Btg-1 induction and repression of the genes. When macrophages were incubated in sulfur amino acid-deprived medium, lipopolysaccharide induction of iNOS, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 was significantly decreased compared to control.

Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in diabetes mellitus rats: induction of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 on 1,3-dimethyluric acid formation.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline and one of its metabolites, 1,3-dimethyluric acid (1,3-DMU), were compared after intravenous and oral administration of aminophylline, 5mg/kg as theophylline, to diabetes mellitus rats induced by alloxan (DMIA) or streptozotocin (DMIS), and their respective control rats. In DMIA and DMIS rats, expression of CYP1A2 and 2E1 increased approximately three times. Theophylline was metabolized to 1,3-DMU by CYP1A2 and 2E1 in rats.

Effects of acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous torasemide in rats.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were evaluated after an intravenous administration of torasemide at a dose of 10 mg/kg to control rats and rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate (U-ARF). In rats with U-ARF, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) was significantly smaller (6380 versus 4450 microg min/ml) than that in control rats. This was due to significantly faster total body clearance (1.

Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil in rats with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-fluorouracil were compared after intravenous administration at a dose of 30 mg/kg to control Sprague-Dawley rats and to rats with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (DMIS). In DMIS rats, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) was significantly smaller (603 versus 909 microg min/ml) due to the significantly faster total body clearance (Cl; 47.8 versus 33.

Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate.

In rats pretreated with dexamethasone (an inducer of CYP3A1/2 in rats) and troleandomycin (an inhibitor of CYP3A1/2 in rats), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) values of clarithromycin were significantly smaller (365 compared with 600 micro g min/ml) and greater (1410 compared with 581 micro g min/ml), respectively, than those in control rats. This indicated that clarithromycin was metabolized via CYP3A1/2 in rats. The expression of CYP3A1(23) increased in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate (rats with U-ARF).

Effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous torasemide in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition.

Effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics of torasemide were investigated after intravenous administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg to control rats and rats with PCM and PCMC. Torasemide was reported to be mainly metabolized via hepatic CYP2C9 in humans, and human CYP2C9 and male rat CYP2C11 proteins have 77% homology. It has also been reported that in male rats with PCM, the CYP2C11 level decreased to approximately 20% of the control level, but the decreased CYP2C11 level in rats with PCM partially returned to the control level by oral cysteine supplementation (rats with PCMC).

Effects of acute renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone in rats.

The purpose of this study is to report the changes of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2C11, CYP3A23, and CYP3A2 expression and pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of chlorzoxazone (CZX) and 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (OH-CZX) in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate (U-ARF), and the role of CYP3A23 and CYP3A2 in the formation of OH-CZX in rats with U-ARF. In rats with U-ARF, CYP2C11 decreased to 20% of control, whereas CYP2E1 and CYP3A23 increased 2.3 and 4 times, respectively, compared with control.

Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF-alpha and COX-2 expression by sauchinone effects on I-kappaBalpha phosphorylation, C/EBP and AP-1 activation.

1. Sauchinone, a lignan isolated from Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae), is a diastereomeric lignan with cytoprotective and antioxidant activities in cultured hepatocytes. The effects of sauchinone on the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene expression and on the activation of transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) were determined in Raw264.

Effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition.

The effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole were investigated after intravenous, 20 mg/kg, and oral, 50 mg/kg, administration of the drug to control rats (fed for 4 weeks on 23% casein diet) and rats with PCM (protein-calorie malnutrition, fed for 4 weeks on 5% casein diet) and PCMC (PCM with oral cysteine supplementation, 250 mg/kg, twice daily during the fourth week). After intravenous administration of itraconazole to rats with PCM, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) of itraconazole was significantly greater (3580 compared with 2670 and 2980 microg min/ml) than those in control rats and rats with PCMC (the values between control rats and rats with PCMC were not significantly different). The above data suggested that metabolism of itraconazole decreased significantly in rats with PCM due to suppression of hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 (CYP) 3A23 in the rats.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous azosemide in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats.

This paper reports 1) the increase in expression of CYP1A2 in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats (NARs), 2) the role of globulin binding of azosemide in circulating blood in its urinary excretion and hence its diuretic effects in NARs, and 3) the significantly faster renal (CL(R)) and nonrenal (CL(NR)) clearances of azosemide in NARs. Azosemide (mainly metabolized via CYP1A2 in rats), 10 mg/kg, was intravenously administered to control rats and NARs. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that the expression of CYP1A2 increased approximately 3.

Influence of 4-week and 8-week exercise training on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and oral azosemide in rats.

Cytochrome P450 expression was determined in the livers of control, 4-week exercised (4WE) and 8-week exercised (8WE) rats. Even though the 4-week and 8-week exercise training caused 53 and 25% increases, respectively, in total cytochrome P450 contents in the liver, exercise training did not cause any changes in the levels of P450 1A2 (which primarily metabolizes azosemide), 2E1 and 3A23 in the liver, as assessed by both Western and Northern blot analyses. Also, exercise training failed to alter the activity of NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase.

Identification of genes enhanced by protein-calorie malnutrition by differential display polymerase chain reaction (expression of fibrinogen B beta chain, B cell translocation gene 1 and thyroid hormone responsive protein genes).

Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), as one of global health problems, arises during protein and/or energy deficit due to disease and nutritional inadequacy. Previously, we showed that PCM elicited oxidative stress with activation of the phase II detoxifying gene expression, which was reversed by cysteine supplementation. As part of the attempts to identify the cellular adaptive responses and the associated gene expression during PCM, the current study was initiated to analyze the genes differentially expressed in the rat during PCM.