Functional MRI of emotional memory in adolescent depression.

Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Mood-congruent biases in memory tasks are frequently reported in MDD patients, with facilitated memory for negative stimuli. Most functional MRI studies to date have examined the neural correlates of these biases in depressed adults, with fewer studies in adolescents with MDD.

Aberrant brain responses to emotionally valent words is normalised after cognitive behavioural therapy in female depressed adolescents.

Background: Depression in adolescence is debilitating with high recurrence in adulthood, yet its pathophysiological mechanism remains enigmatic. To examine the interaction between emotion, cognition and treatment, functional brain responses to sad and happy distractors in an affective go/no-go task were explored before and after Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in depressed female adolescents, and healthy participants.

Methods: Eighty-two Depressed and 24 healthy female adolescents, aged 12-17 years, performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) affective go/no-go task at baseline.

Adolescents with current major depressive disorder show dissimilar patterns of age-related differences in ACC and thalamus.

Objective: There is little understanding of the neural system abnormalities subserving adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). In a cross-sectional study we compare currently unipolar depressed with healthy adolescents to determine if group differences in grey matter volume (GMV) were influenced by age and illness severity.

Method: Structural neuroimaging was performed on 109 adolescents with current MDD and 36 healthy controls, matched for age, gender, and handedness.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the impact of galantamine on anterograde memory impairment during electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) continues to be an effective treatment option for patients who fail to respond to pharmacological interventions, are unable to tolerate medications, and show a suboptimal response to behavioral and psychotherapeutic treatments. However, risks for cognitive impairment may contribute to some patients' refusal of ECT.

Methods: The present study examined galantamine as a pharmacological intervention to reduce cognitive adverse effects from ECT.

Evidence for the diagnostic criteria of delirium: an update.

Purpose Of Review: Since the publication of DSM-III in 1980, the essential criteria for delirium have been reduced progressively through DSM-III-R to DSM-IV. As the field moves toward DSM-V and ICD-11, new data can shed light on the nosological changes that are needed so that diagnostic criteria can reflect empirical data. In this study, we reassess the existing or potential criteria for delirium.

Changes in depressive symptoms and social functioning in the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression study.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) profoundly affects social functioning, including the ability to enjoy social activities with peers, friends, and family members. We sought to compare changes in social functioning and depressive symptoms in the first level of the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study. Adult outpatients (N = 2876) with diagnoses of MDD were treated using flexible doses of citalopram for up to 14 weeks.

An open study of aripiprazole and escitalopram for psychotic major depressive disorder.

Objective: This 7-week trial assessed the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole combined with escitalopram in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder, with psychotic features (MD-Psy).

Methods: Sixteen male and female patients with a Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosis of MD-Psy were recruited for this study from September 13, 2004 to August 9, 2006. Escitalopram and aripiprazole were flexibly dosed for 7 weeks, with maximum dosages of 20 and 30 mg/d, respectively.