In-shoe multi-segment foot kinematics of children during the propulsive phase of walking and running.

Certain styles of children's shoes reduce 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) and midfoot motion during propulsion of walking. However, no studies have investigated if the splinting effect of shoes on children's 1st MTPJ and midfoot motion occurs during running. This study investigated the effect of sports shoes on multi-segment foot kinematics of children during propulsion of walking and running.

Effect of children's shoes on gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of footwear on the gait of children is poorly understood. This systematic review synthesises the evidence of the biomechanical effects of shoes on children during walking and running.

Methods: Study inclusion criteria were: barefoot and shod conditions; healthy children aged ≤ 16 years; sample size of n > 1.

Mechanics and control of the flat versus normal foot during the stance phase of walking.

Objective: To compare walking stance phase rearfoot and forefoot motion, ankle joint moments and extrinsic foot muscle EMG profiles between normal and pes planus feet.

Design: A cross-sectional comparative study.

Background: Musculoskeletal conditions are often attributed to pes planus, in which motion is assumed to be excessive and the muscle control inadequate.

Static measures of calcaneal deviation and arch angle as predictors of rearfoot motion during walking.

Clinicians commonly assess static alignment of the foot with the assumption that it is predictive of its movement during walking and the risk of injury. This study investigated the relationship between clinical measures of calcaneal deviation and medial arch angle in standing and three-dimensional rearfoot movement during the stance phase of walking in 19 young healthy males. Correlations were performed among the variables of maximum eversion, maximum abduction, the range of inversion-eversion and the range of abduction-adduction.