A Comparison of Sugar Intake between Individuals with High and Low Trait Anxiety: Results from the NutriNet-Santé Study.

(1) Background: Dietary carbohydrates are likely correlated with mental health in general, and with anxiety in particular. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between trait anxiety and carbohydrate (especially sugar) intake in a large sample derived from the general French population. (2) Methods: The analyses included 20231 non-diabetic adults enrolled in the NutriNet-Santé e-cohort, who had completed the trait anxiety subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-STAI, 2013-2016) and who were subsequently divided into high and low trait anxiety groups (T-STAI cut-off of 40 points).

Decision making about healthcare-related tests and diagnostic test strategies. Paper 4: International guidelines show variability in their approaches.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to describe and compare current practices in developing guidelines about the use of healthcare-related tests and diagnostic strategies (HCTDS).

Study Design And Setting: We sampled 37 public health and clinical practice guidelines about HCTDS from various sources without language restrictions.

Results: Detailed descriptions of the systems used to assess the quality of evidence and develop recommendations were challenging to find within guidelines.

Decision making about healthcare-related tests and diagnostic test strategies. Paper 3: a systematic review shows limitations in most tools designed to assess quality and develop recommendations.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and describe critical appraisal tools designed for assessing the quality of evidence (QoE) and/or strength of recommendations (SoRs) related to health care-related tests and diagnostic strategies (HCTDSs).

Study Design And Setting: We conducted a systematic review to identify tools applied in guidelines, methodological articles, and systematic reviews to assess HCTDS.

Results: We screened 5,534 titles and abstracts, 1,004 full-text articles, and abstracted data from 330 references.

Decision making about healthcare-related tests and diagnostic test strategies. Paper 2: a review of methodological and practical challenges.

Objectives: In this first of a series of five articles, we provide an overview of how and why healthcare-related tests and diagnostic strategies are currently applied. We also describe how our findings can be integrated with existing frameworks for making decisions that guide the use of healthcare-related tests and diagnostic strategies.

Study Design And Setting: We searched MEDLINE, references of identified articles, chapters in relevant textbooks, and identified articles citing classic literature on this topic.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the accuracy of HPV tests, visual inspection with acetic acid, cytology, and colposcopy.

Background: Cervical cancer screening is offered to women to identify and treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Objectives: To support WHO guidelines, a systematic review was performed to compare test accuracy of the HPV test, cytology (cervical smear), and unaided visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA); and to determine test accuracy of HPV and colposcopy impression.

Search Strategy: Medline and Embase were searched up to September 2012, and experts were contacted for references.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of benefits and harms of cryotherapy, LEEP, and cold knife conization to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) stage 2-3 is a premalignant lesion that can progress to cervical cancer in 10-20 years if untreated.

Objectives: To conduct systematic reviews of randomized and nonrandomized studies for effects of cryotherapy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), and cold knife conization (CKC) as treatment for CIN 2-3.

Search Strategy: Medline, Embase, and other databases were searched to February 2012 for benefits, and to July 2012 for harms.

Decision-Making about Healthcare Related Tests and Diagnostic Strategies: User Testing of GRADE Evidence Tables.

Objective: To develop guidance on what information to include and how to present it in tables summarizing the evidence from systematic reviews of test accuracy following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Methods: To design and refine the evidence tables, we used an iterative process based on the analysis of data from four rounds of discussions, feedback and user testing. During the final round, we conducted one-on-one user testing with target end users.

Emergency department use and hospitalizations among homeless adults with substance dependence and mental disorders.

Background: Homelessness, substance use, and mental disorders each have been associated with higher rates of emergency department (ED) use and hospitalization. We sought to understand the correlation between ED use, hospital admission, and substance dependence among homeless individuals with concurrent mental illness who participated in a 'Housing First' (HF) intervention trial.

Methods: The Vancouver At Home study consisted of two randomized controlled trials addressing homeless individuals with mental disorders who have "high" or "moderate" levels of need.

The modular structure of the inner-membrane ring component PrgK facilitates assembly of the type III secretion system basal body.

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a large macromolecular assembly found at the surface of many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Its role is to inject toxic "effector" proteins into the cells of infected organisms. The molecular details of the assembly of this large, multimembrane-spanning complex remain poorly understood.

O-GlcNAc modification of tau directly inhibits its aggregation without perturbing the conformational properties of tau monomers.

The aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau into paired helical filaments to form neurofibrillary tangles constitutes one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Tau is post-translationally modified by the addition of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine O-linked to several serine and threonine residues (O-GlcNAc). Previously, increased O-GlcNAcylation of tau has been shown to block the accumulation of tau aggregates within a tauopathy mouse model.

Antivirals for influenza: a summary of a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Despite the use of antivirals to treat patients with severe influenza, questions remain with respect to effects and safety. Although a recent systematic review has provided some indication of benefit, the analysis is limited by the quality of the available evidence from randomized controlled trials. To supplement the existing information, the authors conducted a systematic review of observational studies of antiviral treatment for influenza.

Investigating the structural dynamics of α-1,4-galactosyltransferase C from Neisseria meningitidis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Neisseria meningitidis α-1,4-galactosyltransferase C (LgtC) is responsible for the transfer of α-galactose from donor UDP-galactose to the lipooligosaccharide terminal acceptor lactose. Crystal structures of its substrate analogue complexes have provided key insights into the galactosyl transfer mechanism, including a hypothesized need for active site mobility. Accordingly, we have used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to probe the structural dynamics of LgtC in its apo form and with bound substrate analogues.

Antivirals for treatment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Systematic reviews of randomized, controlled trials in patients with influenza suggest a lack of evidence about the effects of antiviral therapy on several patient-important outcomes of influenza.

Purpose: To systematically review observational studies for benefits and harms of oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, or rimantadine in the treatment of influenza.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, SIGLE, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Panteleimon, and LILACS up to November 2010; contact with pharmaceutical companies; and reference lists.

Chemical sensing using fiber cavity ring-down spectroscopy.

Waveguide-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRD) can be used for quantitative measurements of chemical concentrations in small amounts of liquid, in gases or in films. The change in ring-down time can be correlated to analyte concentration when using fiber optic sensing elements that change their attenuation in dependence of either sample absorption or refractive index. Two types of fiber cavities, i.