Interleukin-6 and thrombopoietin concentrations in dogs with carcinoma with and without thrombocytosis.

Background: Carcinoma-associated thrombocytosis involves tumor production of mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and thrombopoietin (TPO) that increase thrombopoiesis and may play a role in tumor evasion and metastasis. Carcinoma-associated thrombocytosis is described in people, but has not been described in dogs.

Hypothesis/objectives: Evaluate the concentrations of IL-6 and TPO in dogs diagnosed with carcinoma with or without thrombocytosis.

Biventricular Pulsus Alternans in a Dog with Pulmonic Stenosis and Sepsis.

• Pulsus alternans is characterized by beat-to-beat variability in cardiac contractile strength. • Besides severe LV failure, hypovolemia and tachycardia can provoke pulsus alternans. • Right ventricular or biventricular alternans is reported only sporadically in people.

Assessment of urinary 15-F -isoprostanes in dogs with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and other lower urinary tract diseases.

Background: The 15-F -isoprostanes are by-products of oxidative stress and are increased in the urine of people with lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD), especially urinary neoplasia. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary neoplasm in dogs. Earlier detection of UC by noninvasive means could lead to improved outcomes.