3-Dimensional pose estimation to detect posture transition in freestall-housed dairy cows.

Freestall comfort is reflected in various indicators, including the ability for dairy cattle to display unhindered posture transition movements in the cubicles. To ensure farm animal welfare, it is instrumental for the farm management to be able to continuously monitor occurrences of abnormal motions. Advances in computer vision have enabled accurate kinematic measurements in several fields, such as human, equine, and bovine biomechanics.