Comparison between Ultrasonographic-Guided Temporal and Coronoid Approaches for Trigeminal Nerve Block in Dogs: A Cadaveric Study.

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for innervating the periorbita. Ultrasound-guided trigeminal block is employed in humans for trigeminal neuralgia or periorbital surgery. There are no studies evaluating this block in dogs.

Diffusion tensor-based analysis of white matter in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

Introduction: The understanding of epileptic seizure pathogenesis has evolved over time, and it is now generally accepted that not only are cortical and subcortical areas involved but also the connection of these regions in the white matter (WM). Recent human neuroimaging studies confirmed the involvement of the WM in several epilepsy syndromes. Neuroimaging studies investigating WM integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in canine idiopathic epilepsy are lacking.

Virtual non-contrast images of detector-based spectral computed tomography in dogs: a promising alternative to true non-contrast images in veterinary medicine.

Introduction: In veterinary medicine, abdominal computer tomographic (CT) examinations regularly require a minimum of two scans, with a native scan (true unenhanced, TUE) as a reference for the subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan (CECT). Spectral detector CT (SDCT) offers the possibility to calculate virtual non-contrast (VNC) images from the post-contrast scan, but this has not yet been investigated in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of VNC images for abdominal organs in 44 dogs without abdominal pathologies by evaluating their quantitative and qualitative parameters compared to TUE images.

Hypertensive nonobstructive hydrocephalus as main magnetic resonance imaging feature in a dog with disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis.

Obstructive or nonobstructive hypertensive hydrocephalus is reported in choroid plexus tumors. Choroid plexus tumors typically present as T2-weighted hyperintense intraventricular masses with occasional cerebrospinal fluid-drop metastasis. Acquired neoplastic nonobstructive hydrocephalus without visible mass lesion in magnetic resonance imaging is not reported in dogs.

Diagnosis of post-attenuation neurological signs syndrome in a cat with refractory status epilepticus and clinical response to therapeutic plasma exchange.

Case Summary: An 8-year-old female spayed British Shorthair cat that underwent surgical portosystemic shunt (PSS) attenuation developed progressive neurological signs 7 days postoperatively. Neurological signs progressed, despite medical management, and seizure activity became rapidly refractory to anticonvulsants. The diagnosis of post-attenuation neurological signs (PANS) was made based on the timing of the occurrence of clinical signs following surgery, absence of hyperammonaemia and suggestive MRI findings of the brain.

Intracranial Lesion Detection and Artifact Characterization: Comparative Study of Susceptibility and T2-Weighted Imaging in Dogs and Cats.

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), an MRI sequence for the detection of hemorrhage, allows differentiation of paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances based on tissue magnetic susceptibility differences. The three aims of this retrospective study included a comparison of the number of areas of signal void (ASV) between SWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), differentiation of hemorrhage and calcification, and investigation of image deterioration by artifacts. Two hundred twelve brain MRIs, 160 dogs and 52 cats, were included.

Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs.

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic, neurological diseases in humans and dogs and considered to be a network disease. In human epilepsy altered functional connectivity in different large-scale networks have been identified with functional resting state magnetic resonance imaging. Since large-scale resting state networks have been consistently identified in anesthetised dogs' application of this technique became promising in canine epilepsy research.

Imaging and histopathologic features of reversible nerve root and peripheral nerve edema secondary to disc herniation in a cat.

Nerve root enlargement with increased contrast uptake has been reported in dogs and humans secondary to nerve root compression. In cats, nerve root enlargement and contrast uptake only have been reported in association with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, but not as a sequela to nerve root compression. An 8-year-old oriental short hair cat was presented with acute neurologic deficits consistent with left-sided sciatic nerve deficit and possible L6-S1 myelopathy.

Striate Artery Infarct After Bilateral Carotid Artery Ligation (BCAL) in a Dog: A Multimodal MRI Study.

Bilateral carotid artery ligation has been reported as a lifesaving procedure to control severe hemorrhage. However, reports are sparse and little information is available regarding the potential risks associated with this procedure. We report an ischemic brain infarct as a complication after vascular surgery.

Recommendations for standardized plane definition in canine cardiac MRI.

With the growing interest in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), veterinary radiologists will increasingly be asked to use this modality to answer complex cardiological questions. Plane alignment is crucial for reproducible assessment of the heart. Anesthesia time is a limiting factor in cMRI.

Association between anesthesia duration and outcome in dogs with surgically treated acute severe spinal cord injury caused by thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation.

Background: Retrospective research recently identified a possible relationship between duration of surgery and outcome in severely affected dogs treated surgically for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (TL-IVDH).

Hypothesis: That increased duration of surgery is associated with poorer outcome in dogs with absent pain perception treated surgically for TL-IVDH.

Animals: Two hundred ninety-seven paraplegic dogs with absent pain perception surgically treated for acute TL-IVDH.

Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia.

Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an established technique in humans and reliably determines several resting state networks (RSNs) simultaneously. Limited data exist about RSN in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the RSNs in 10 healthy beagle dogs using a 3 tesla MRI scanner and subsequently perform group-level independent component analysis (ICA) to identify functionally connected brain networks.

MRI-guided, transrectal, intraprostatic steam application as potential focal therapeutic modality for prostatic diseases in a large animal translational model: A feasibility follow-up study.

Parallel to establishment of diagnostic surveillance protocols for detection of prostatic diseases, novel treatment strategies should be developed. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility and possible side effects of transrectal, MRI-targeted intraprostatic steam application in dogs as an established large animal translational model for prostatic diseases in humans. Twelve healthy experimental, intact, male beagle dogs without evidence of prostatic pathology were recruited.

Diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate gland of healthy adult dogs.

Objective: To describe diffusion and perfusion characteristics of the prostate gland of healthy sexually intact adult dogs as determined by use of diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI.

Animals: 12 healthy sexually intact adult Beagles.

Procedures: Ultrasonography of the prostate gland was performed.

Conventional and functional magnetic resonance imaging features of late subacute cortical laminar necrosis in a dog.

Cerebral cortical laminar necrosis (CLN) is a consequence of severe hypoxic, ischemic, or hypoglycemic events. In humans, these cortical lesions show characteristic linear T1-weighted (T1W) hyperintensity in the late subacute stage. Limited information reporting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs affected by CLN is available.

Presence of Probst Bundles Indicate White Matter Remodeling in a Dog With Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia and Dysplasia.

Corpus callosum abnormalities (CCA) rarely occur in dogs and are related to hypo/adypsic hypernatremia and seizures. Hypoplasia and dysplasia of the corpus callosum (CC) with concomitant lobar holoprosencephaly is the most common variant. It is currently uncertain using conventional MRI if canine CCA reflects the failure of commissural fibers to develop or the failure of the commissural fibers to cross hemispheres.

The role of diffusion tensor imaging as an objective tool for the assessment of motor function recovery after paraplegia in a naturally-occurring large animal model of spinal cord injury.

Background: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in sensory and motor function impairment and may cause a substantial social and economic burden. For the implementation of novel treatment strategies, parallel development of objective tools evaluating spinal cord (SC) integrity during motor function recovery (MFR) is needed. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables in vivo microstructural assessment of SCI.

Transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging findings in paraplegic dogs with recovery of motor function.

Background: Transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (TMMEP) are associated with severity of clinical signs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with spinal cord disease.

Hypothesis: That in initially paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), MRI findings before surgery and TMMEPs obtained after decompressive surgery are associated with long-term neurological status and correlate with each other.

Animals: Seventeen client-owned paraplegic dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH.

MRI Findings of Early-Stage Hyperacute Hemorrhage Causing Extramedullary Compression of the Cervical Spinal Cord in a Dog with Suspected Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis.

A 9-month-old female Weimaraner was presented to the emergency service due to episodes of fever and neck pain. Physical examination revealed a stiff neck posture and elevated body temperature. Shortly after clinical examination was performed, the dog developed peracute onset of non-ambulatory tetraparesis compatible with a C1-C5 spinal cord (SC) lesion.