Targeted H NMR metabolomics and immunological phenotyping of human fresh blood and serum samples discriminate between healthy individuals and inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a multifactorial etiology, associated with environmental factors that can trigger both debut and relapses. A high level of tumor necrosis factor-α in the gut is the main consequence of immune system imbalance. The aim of treatment is to restore gut homeostasis.

Endoscopic drainage with local infusion of antibiotics to avoid necrosectomy of infected walled-off necrosis.

Background: Current treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) follows a step-up approach. Our group designed a step-up protocol that associates endoscopic drainage with local infusion of antibiotics through transmural nasocystic catheter. Aim of our study was to evaluate our step-up protocol for IPN in terms of proportion of patients avoiding necrosectomy.