Hepatoprotective, Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Effects of Mangaba Powder () Administered to Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of administering mangaba powder on liver function and somatic, oxidative and lipid metabolism parameters in rats fed a high-fat diet. Prepared mangaba powder has important amounts of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, dietary fiber and oligosaccharides. A total of 32 adult Wistar rats were initially randomized into two groups for the biological assay: normal-fat (NF, n = 16) and high-fat (HF, n = 16) diets for 21 days.

Maternal supplementation with Dipteryx alata Vog. modulates fecal microbiota diversity, accelerates reflex ontogeny, and improves non-associative and spatial memory in the offspring of rats.

Maternal diet plays a crucial role in offspring development, directly affecting neural development and gut microbiota composition. This study aimed to assess if baru almond and oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) could modulate intestinal microbiota, brain fatty acid profile, and enhance memory in offspring of rats treated during early life stages.

Effects of maternal preconception high-fat diet on the fertility of dams and on the somatic parameters and reflex ontogeny of their male offspring.

Background: Female consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) may cause fertility issues and affects offspring development.

Objective: Evaluate the acute maternal preconception intake of a HFD on the fertility and reproduction parameters of breeding females; and on the somatic parameters and reflex ontogeny of male offspring.

Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomized into control (PC; n=12) and high-fat diet group (PHF; n=12) that consumed their respective diets during the 23-day preconception period.

Neuroprotective effect of cinnamic alcohol: A bioactive compound of Cinnamomum spp. essential oil.

Cinnamic alcohol (CA) is a phenylpropanoid found in the essential oil of the bark of the genus Cinnamomum spp. Schaeff. (Lauraceae Juss.

(-)-Fenchone Prevents Cysteamine-Induced Duodenal Ulcers and Accelerates Healing Promoting Re-Epithelialization of Gastric Ulcers in Rats via Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms.

Background: (-)-Fenchone is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in the essential oils of Mill., L., and Molina.

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Fibropoiesis in Chronic Interstitial Pneumonitis.

We studied some fibrotic aspects of chronic interstitial pneumonitis in the lungs of dogs infected with . The lungs of eleven naturally infected dogs, twelve experimentally infected with two distinct strains of (BH401 and BH46), and six uninfected (controls) dogs, were analyzed by histological, parasitological, and immunohistochemical studies. Conventional histology (HE), collagen deposition (Gomori's silver staining for reticulin collagen fibers), and immunohistochemistry for myofibroblast characterization were carried out based on the cellular expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, cytokeratin, E-cadherin, snail antigen homologue 1 (SNAI1) (Snail), and the cytokine expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).

Photodynamic therapy repairs medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw by reducing NF-kB protein in rats.

Objective: To evaluate whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) repairs bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) modulated by the reduction of NF-kB protein in a murine model.

Methodology: Male Wistar rats (N=30) were divided into the following groups (n=6/group): negative control (NC); experimental osteonecrosis (ONE); ONE + photosensitizer (PS); ONE + photobiomodulation (PBM); and ONE + aPDT. Over 8 weeks, ONE was induced by zoledronic acid 250 µg/kg injections, except in the NC group, which received sterile 0.

Intermittent fasting associated with coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) alters gut-liver axis parameters in diet-induced obese rats.

Objective: The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of intermittent fasting, associated or not with coconut oil intake, on the gut-liver axis of obese rats.

Methods: A total of 50 rats were divided into five groups: control, obese, obese with intermittent fasting, obese with intermittent fasting plus coconut oil, and obese with caloric restriction. The rats were induced to obesity with a high-sugar diet for 17 wk.

Identification of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Atlantic forest fragments and their dispersal to urban area.

The geographical distribution of sand flies in Brazil has been the subject of some studies, yet there is no information about the phlebotomine fauna in João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil. The aim of this work is to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of sand flies in the Atlantic forest fragments and to evaluate a possible dispersion in 06 nearby districts. Light traps were used during three consecutive nights, supplemented by an aspirator during the dry period and rainy season.

Obesity influences the development of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis in Wistar rats.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is characterized by bone exposure for more than eight weeks in patients who have used or been treated with antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs, without a history of radiation therapy or metastatic diseases in the jaws. Obesity is associated with changes in periodontal tissues and oral microbiota that are linked to bone alterations. This study aimed to analyze the influence of obesity on the development of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis.

Intermittent fasting associated with aerobic exercise improves oxidative parameters and causes muscle damage without compromising the performance of Wistar rats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to` investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and the possible association with aerobic exercise on performance, oxidative, biochemical, and somatic parameters of Wistar rats.

Methods: Forty rats were randomized into the following groups: sedentary (SC) and trained (TC) controls, sedentary intermittent fasting (SIF), and trained intermittent fasting (TIF). The rats were subjected to IF for 15 h every day and aerobic exercise lasting 30 min, five times a week, at a speed of 15 m/min for 4 wk.

Limosilactobacillus fermentum modulates the gut-airway axis by improving the immune response through FOXP3 activation on combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS).

Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is an allergic airway inflammatory disorder orchestrated by the type 2 immune response. The close gut-lung relationship has been described, however, the effect of gut-modulating agents such as probiotics in allergic airway disorder is unclear. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate theLimosilactobacillus fermentumsupplementation in animals with CARAS.

Mix of almond baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and goat whey modulated intestinal microbiota, improved memory and induced anxiolytic like behavior in aged rats.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of the consumption of a mix of baru almond and goat whey on memory performance and anxiety parameters related to the intestinal health of rats treated during aging. The animals were divided into three groups and treated by gavage for 10 weeks (n = 10/each group): Control (CT) - distilled water; Baru almond (BA) - 2000 mg of baru/kg of body weight; and Baru + Whey (BW) - 2000 mg of baru + 2000 mg of goat milk whey/kg of body weight. Anxiety behavior, memory, brain fatty acid profile and fecal microbiota were measured.

Extra virgin coconut oil ( L.) intake shows neurobehavioural and intestinal health effects in obesity-induced rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of E-VCO on the neurobehaviour and intestinal health parameters of obesity-induced rats, focusing on food consumption, body composition, bacterial and faecal organic acids and histological analyses in the hippocampus and colon. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomized into healthy (HG, = 16) and obese groups (OG, = 16), which consumed a control or cafeteria diet for eight weeks, respectively. After this period, they were subdivided into four groups: healthy (HG, = 8); healthy treated with E-VCO (HGCO, = 8); obese (OG, = 8); obese treated with E-VCO (OGCO, = 8), continuing for another eight weeks with their respective diets.

Maternal high-fat diet alters the neurobehavioral, biochemical and inflammatory parameters of their adult female rat offspring.

Background: Lipid metabolism dysregulations have been associated with depressive and anxious behaviors which can affect pregnant and lactating individuals, with indications that such changes extend to the offspring. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a maternal high-fat diet on the neurobehavioral, biochemical and inflammatory parameters of their adult female offspring.

Methods: Wistar rats ± 90 days old were mated.

Milonine attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by modulating the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Acute lung injury is an inflammation that triggers acute respiratory distress syndrome with perialveolar neutrophil infiltration, alveolar-capillary barrier damage, and lung edema. Activation of the toll-like receptor 4 complex (TLR4/MD2) and its downstream signaling pathways are responsible for the cytokine storm and cause alveolar damage. Due to the complexity of this pulmonary inflammation, a defined pharmacotherapy has not been established.

Acerola fruit by-product alleviates lipid, glucose, and inflammatory changes in the enterohepatic axis of rats fed a high-fat diet.

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) by-product (ABP) has various bioactive compounds with hypoglycaemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The ABP effects on the biochemical changes in the enterohepatic axis caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) remains unclear. This study assessed whether the ABP or fenofibrate administration for 28 days interferes in lipid, glucose, or inflammatory changes in the enterohepatic axis of rats fed HFD.

Leishmania (L.) infantum BH401 strain induces classic renal lesions in dogs: Histological and confocal microscopy study.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations in visceral leishmaniasis are related mainly to collagen deposition (fibropoiesis). In canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), an intense fibrosis associated to chronic inflammation in organs such as kidneys is described. However, renal fibropoiesis has not been described in natural or experimental infections with L.

Functional and morphologic dysfunctions in the airways of rats submitted to an experimental model of obesity-exacerbated asthma.

The obesity-exacerbated asthma phenotype is characterized by more severe asthma symptoms and glucocorticoid resistance. The aim of this study was to standardize an obesity-exacerbated asthma model by a high glycemic level index (HGLI) diet and ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenges in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into groups: control (Ctrl), obese (Ob), asthmatic (Asth), obese asthmatic (Ob + Asth) and obese asthmatic treated with dexamethasone (Ob + Asth + Dexa), and in vivo and in vitro functional and morphological parameters were measured.

Ouabain modulates airway remodeling caused by Th2-high asthma in mice.

Objective: Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase, is a type of endogenous hormone synthesized in the adrenal cortex and hypothalamus. Previous studies found that ouabain potently inhibited acute inflammatory reactions such as type 2 inflammation and regulated immunological processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate ouabain effect on allergic asthma.

Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense) promotes changes in lipid metabolism and a hepatoprotective effect in rats fed a high-fat diet.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Malay apple (MA) on the glycaemic response, lipid metabolism and liver health of rats fed a normal- or high-fat diet. Male Wistar rats were initially randomized into two groups: normal-fat diet (NF, n = 16) and high-fat diet (HF, n = 16) for three weeks. Then, they were subdivided into: normal-fat diet (NF, n = 8); normal-fat diet supplemented with MA (NFMA, n = 8); high-fat diet (HF, n = 8); high-fat diet supplemented with MA (HFMA, n = 8), continuing for another three weeks with their respective diets.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Oxidative Stress of 2-Acetylpyridine-(4)-orthochlorophenyl Thiosemicarbazone.

Thiosemicarbazones are well known for their broad spectrum of action, including antitumoral and antiparasitic activities. Thiosemicarbazones work as chelating binders, reacting with metal ions. The objective of this work was to investigate the , , and toxicity and oxidative stress of 2-acetylpyridine-(4)-orthochlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone (TSC01).

Safety and tolerability of cinnamaldehyde in orabase for oral candidiasis treatment: phase I clinical trial.

Objective: To advance studies on the effect of a new pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of oral fungal infections, we evaluated the safety and tolerability of orabase ointment containing cinnamaldehyde for use on the oral mucosa.

Material And Methods: A clinical trial (phase I) was carried out on 35 individuals with healthy oral mucosa divided into three groups: ointments at 200 µg/mL, n = 12; 300 µg/mL, n = 11; and 400 µg/mL, n = 12. Product safety was assessed using three parameters: (a) clinical evolution as recorded by trained examiners; (b) evolution of the inflammatory process as registered by an exfoliative cytology exam and analyzed by trained pathologists; (c) mucosal swab to count Candida spp.

Antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of Tonantzitlolone B, an uncommon diterpene from Stillingia loranthacea.

Natural products have played a pivotal role for the discovery of anticancer drugs. Tonantzitlolones are flexibilan-type diterpenes rare in nature; therefore, few reports have shown antiviral and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antitumor action of Tonantzitlolone B (TNZ-B) and its toxicity.

Toxicological Parameters of a Formulation Containing Cinnamaldehyde for Use in Treatment of Oral Fungal Infections: An Study.

Objective: We aimed to define the safety and toxicity of both isolated and embedded cinnamaldehyde using a pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of oral fungal infections in an study.

Materials And Methods: Acute toxicity was assessed in studies with larvae and embryos (zebrafish), and genotoxicity was assessed in a mouse model. The pharmaceutical formulation (orabase ointment) containing cinnamaldehyde was evaluated for verification of both antifungal activity and toxicity in keratinized oral rat mucosa.