One Health response to SARS-CoV-2-associated risk from mink farming in British Columbia, Canada, October 2020 to October 2021.

Background: Mink farms are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks and carry an associated risk of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant emergence and non-human reservoir creation. In Denmark, control measures were insufficient to prevent onward transmission of a mink-associated variant, contributing to the nation-wide culling of farmed mink. To date, British Columbia (BC) is the only Canadian province to report mink farm SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms in British Columbia, Canada: A report of two outbreaks in 2020-2021.

Background: Since April 2020, mink have been recognized as a potential reservoir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a potential source of new variants. The objective of this report is to describe the epidemiological investigation and public health response to two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks that involved both humans and farmed mink.

Methods: An outbreak was declared on December 4, 2020, following detection of two COVID-19-positive farmworkers and elevated mink mortality on a mink farm (Farm 1) in British Columbia.

TNFα and IFNγ cooperate for efficient pro- to anti-inflammatory transition of macrophages during muscle regeneration.

IFNγ is traditionally known as a proinflammatory cytokine with diverse roles in antimicrobial and antitumor immunity. Yet, findings regarding its sources and functions during the regeneration process following a sterile injury are conflicting. Here, we show that natural killer (NK) cells are the main source of IFNγ in regenerating muscle.

Household food insecurity, sense of community belonging, and access to a regular medical doctor as mediators in the relationship between mood and/or anxiety disorders and self-rated general health in Canada between 2011 and 2016: a serial cross-sectional analysis.

Objective: To assess whether (household) food insecurity, access to a regular medical doctor, and sense of community belonging mediate the relationship between mood and/or anxiety disorders and self-rated general health.

Methods: We used six annual cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, including Canadian adults aged 18-59 years, between 2011 and 2016. Mediation models, adjusted for key determinants of health, were based on a series of weighted logistic regression models.

Excess burden of age-associated comorbidities among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: As people living with HIV (PLWH) live longer, morbidity and mortality from non-AIDS comorbidities have emerged as major concerns. Our objective was to compare prevalence trends and age at diagnosis of nine chronic age-associated comorbidities between individuals living with and without HIV.

Design And Setting: This population-based cohort study used longitudinal cohort data from all diagnosed antiretroviral-treated PLWH and 1:4 age-sex-matched HIV-negative individuals in British Columbia, Canada.

Phenotypic diversity and genotypic flexibility of during long-term chronic infection of cystic fibrosis lungs.

Chronic bacterial infections of the lung are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis patients. Tracking bacterial evolution during chronic infections can provide insights into how host selection pressures-including immune responses and therapeutic interventions-shape bacterial genomes. We carried out genomic and phenotypic analyses of 215 serially collected isolates from 16 cystic fibrosis patients, spanning a period of 2-20 yr and a broad range of epidemic lineages.