Detection and quantification of human adenovirus (HAdV), JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in recreational waters of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study evaluated the impact of sewage discharge in recreational coastal marine environments of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, over a six-month period by the detection of waterborne enteric viruses. Ten-liter water samples were collected in four beaches from January to July 2017. Viruses were concentrated by an organic flocculation and human adenoviruses (HAdV), polyomavirus (JCPyV), and Hepatitis A virus (HAV) detected by qPCR.

The Impact of the Extreme Amazonian Flood Season on the Incidence of Viral Gastroenteritis Cases.

During the Amazonian flood season in 2012, the Negro River reached its highest level in 110 years, submerging residential and commercial areas which appeared associated with an elevation in the observed gastroenteritis cases in the city of Manaus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological water quality of the Negro River basin during this extreme flood to investigate this apparent association between the illness cases and the population exposed to the contaminated waters. Forty water samples were collected and analysed for classic and emerging enteric viruses.

Viruses Surveillance Under Different Season Scenarios of the Negro River Basin, Amazonia, Brazil.

The Negro River is located in the Amazon basin, the largest hydrological catchment in the world. Its water is used for drinking, domestic activities, recreation and transportation and water quality is significantly affected by anthropogenic impacts. The goals of this study were to determine the presence and concentrations of the main viral etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis, such as group A rotavirus (RVA) and genogroup II norovirus (NoV GII), and to assess the use of human adenovirus (HAdV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) as viral indicators of human faecal contamination in the aquatic environment of Manaus under different hydrological scenarios.

UVC Inactivation of dsDNA and ssRNA Viruses in Water: UV Fluences and a qPCR-Based Approach to Evaluate Decay on Viral Infectivity.

Disinfection by low-pressure monochromatic ultraviolet (UVC) radiation (253.7 nm) became an important technique to sanitize drinking water and also wastewater in tertiary treatments. In order to prevent the transmission of waterborne viral diseases, the analysis of the disinfection kinetics and the quantification of infectious viral pathogens and indicators are highly relevant and need to be addressed.

Optimization of an Adsorption-Elution Method with a Negatively Charged Membrane to Recover Norovirus from Lettuce.

Viral pathogens, such as norovirus (NoV), are frequently associated with foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, and the detection of NoV in food requires appropriate methods and the use of process controls. In this study, an adsorption-elution concentration method using negatively charged membranes was optimized to recover NoV from lettuce, using murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) as a human NoV (HuNoV) surrogate. Initially, three elution buffers were evaluated by direct elution using a Stomacher apparatus with a filter bag and different concentrations of MNV-1 genomic copies.

Comparative inactivation of murine norovirus, human adenovirus, and human JC polyomavirus by chlorine in seawater.

Viruses excreted by humans affect the commercial and recreational use of coastal water. Shellfish produced in contaminated waters have been linked to many episodes and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis, as well as other food-borne diseases worldwide. The risk can be reduced by appropriate treatment following harvesting and by depuration.

The depuration dynamics of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated with hepatitis A virus and human adenovirus.

Within the country of Brazil, Santa Catarina is a major shellfish producer. Detection of viral contamination is an important step to ensure production quality and consumer safety during this process. In this study, we used a depuration system and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection to eliminate viral pathogens from artificially infected oysters and analysed the results.

Molecular detection of pathogens in water--the pros and cons of molecular techniques.

Pollution of water by sewage and run-off from farms produces a serious public health problem in many countries. Viruses, along with bacteria and protozoa in the intestine or in urine are shed and transported through the sewer system. Even in highly industrialized countries, pathogens, including viruses, are prevalent throughout the environment.

Depuration dynamics of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

The State of Santa Catarina produces the greatest quantity of edible mollusks in Brazil. To guarantee sanitary qualify, mollusk cultures should be monitored for contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. A self-purification or "depuration" system that eliminates Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contamination from oysters has been developed and evaluated.