Photobiomodulation therapy (red/NIR LEDs) reduced the length of stay in intensive care unit and improved muscle function: A randomized, triple-blind, and sham-controlled trial.

Context: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been widely used to improve strength, fatigue resistance and increase muscle mass in healthy individuals. These effects could help critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) who show reduced mobility and muscle strength. ICU-acquired weakness lessens overall health and increases the patient's length of stay in the ICU.

Regular Physical Exercise Adherence Scale (REPEAS): a new instrument to measure environmental and personal barriers to adherence to regular physical exercise.

Objective: To create, develop, and validate a scale that identifies the environmental and personal barriers that make it difficult to adhere to the practice of physical exercise on a regular basis in a population of Brazilian adults.

Methods: We include adult individuals, aged 18-59 years, practitioners or former practitioners of physical exercise, with Brazilian Portuguese as their mother tongue. In the development and validation phases of the process, 6 specialists in the field of the health assessed the content validity: firstly, the specialists were asked to freely list the questions they would ask to investigate the barriers to adherence to regulating physical activity.

Non-invasive ventilatory support accelerates the oxygen uptake and heart rate kinetics and improves muscle oxygenation dynamics in COPD-HF patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) associated with high-intensity exercise on heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (V̇O) recovery kinetics in in patients with coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF).

Methods: This is a randomized, double blinded, sham-controlled study involving 14 HF-COPD patients, who underwent a lung function test and Doppler echocardiography. On two different days, patients performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and two constant-work rate tests (80% of CPET peak) receiving Sham or NIPPV (bilevel mode - Astral 150) in a random order until the limit of tolerance (Tlim).

Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Review of Components, Prescription, Efficacy, and Safety.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders (such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, asbestosis, and pneumonitis) characterized by lung parenchymal impairment, inflammation, and fibrosis. The shortness of breath (i.e.

Rehabilitation of Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Diabetic Myopathy.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, causing serious damage to the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and other systems. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 6.28% in 2017, considering all age groups worldwide (prevalence rate of 6,059 cases per 100,000), and its global prevalence is projected to increase to 7,079 cases per 100,000 by 2030.

Noninvasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19 from the perspective of the risk of contamination: a narrative review.

Introduction: noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can be a useful resource to treat acute respiratory failure (ARF), which occurs in patients with COVID-19. However, it is important to consider that there are still no clinical studies that have verified the safety of its use in increase of contamination.

Areas Covered: Given the potential benefits and simultaneous concerns over the use of NIV in patients with COVID-19, further inquiry is necessary to reach a clinical consensus and provide recommendations for safe use, avoiding contamination.

Exercise-Based Rehabilitation Delivery Models in Comorbid Chronic Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure.

Among the most prevalent multimorbidities that accompany the aging process, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) stand out, representing the main causes of hospital admissions in the world. The prevalence of COPD coexistence in patients with CHF is higher than in control subjects, given the common risk factors associated with a complex process of chronic diseases developing in the aging process. COPD-CHF coexistence confers a marked negative impact on mechanical-ventilatory, cardiocirculatory, autonomic, gas exchange, muscular, ventilatory, and cerebral blood flow, further impairing the reduced exercise capacity and health status of either condition alone.

Adiponectin Concentration and Chronic Stroke Individuals, Associations with Body Composition, Physical Activity Levels and Lipid Profile: A Cross-Sectional Explorative Study.

Objective: Higher adiponectin concentration has been associated with the presence of sarcopenia in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Post-stroke individuals presented higher adiponectin concentrations than non-stroke ones. However, no previous study has investigated the association between the adiponectin concentration and skeletal muscle mass in post-stroke individuals.

Incremental shuttle walk test: is it able to detect exercise-induced bronchospasm in young adult asthmatics?

Objective: To determine the accuracy of incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) in detecting exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in adults with asthma and to verify whether there is an association of the drop in FEV between ISWT and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with constant-load CPET-CL.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study 32 individuals with asthma performed two ISWTs, an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET-I) and a constant-load cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET-CL) with na interval of 48 h between tests. Spirometric measurements were obtained 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after exercise; an FEV1 decline > 10% was considered EIB.

Effect of high-intensity exercise on cerebral, respiratory and peripheral muscle oxygenation of HF and COPD-HF patients.

Objective: To investigate cerebral oxygenation (Cox) responses as well as respiratory (Res) and active peripheral muscle (Pm) O delivery during high-intensity cycling exercise and contrast responses between patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-heart failure (HF) and HF alone.

Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 11 COPD-HF and 11 HF patients. On two different days, patients performed maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and constant load exercise on a cycle ergometer until the limit of tolerance (Tlim).

Validity, intra and inter-reliability of manual evaluation of the respiratory muscle strength in asthmatic patients.

Objective: This study investigated the concurrent validity, inter and intra-reliability of manual evaluation in Asthma patients.

Methods: Twenty six asthma patients were assessed. Maximal respiratory muscle strength (Mrms) was tested by inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP and MEP, respectively) trough manovacuometer.

Increased sympathetic modulation and decreased response of the heart rate variability in controlled asthma.

Objective: To compare the autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) in asthmatic and healthy volunteers to correlate it with the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1).

Methods: Ten healthy and 14 asthmatic volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study. The volunteers underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test, spirometry and a register of both resting heart rate variability (HRV) in the supine and seated positions along with HRV during the respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver (M-RSA).