Effect of prednisolone on language function in children with autistic spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To describe the effect of prednisolone on language in children with autism spectrum disorder. This study is based upon two hypotheses: autism etiology may be closely related to neuroinflammation; and, an effective treatment should restore the individual's language skills.

Method: This is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, carried out in a federal university hospital.

Assessment of acute motor deficit in the pediatric emergency room.

Objectives: This review article aimed to present a clinical approach, emphasizing the diagnostic investigation, to children and adolescents who present in the emergency room with acute-onset muscle weakness.

Sources: A systematic search was performed in PubMed database during April and May 2017, using the following search terms in various combinations: "acute," "weakness," "motor deficit," "flaccid paralysis," "child," "pediatric," and "emergency". The articles chosen for this review were published over the past ten years, from 1997 through 2017.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Objective: To analyze the metabolic constitution of brain areas through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children affected with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder compared with normal children.

Method: The sample of this case-control study included eight boys with epidemiologic history of in utero exposure to alcohol (median age 13.6+/-3.

Diffusion tensor imaging findings in school-aged autistic children.

Objective: To analyze and compare cerebral white matter tracts through diffusion tensor imaging in autistic and normal children.

Methods: This is a case-control study on a sample of eight male, right-handed children diagnosed with autism according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition criteria, and eight healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Imaging studies were performed on a 1.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in school-aged autistic children.

Purpose: This study aims to assess cerebral metabolites in school-aged autistic patients through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Methods: This case-control study included 10 right-handed male children (median age, 9.53 years +/- 1.

Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: report of a case with a tragic outcome.

Objective: To report a pediatric case of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis, a rare neurological disease often associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia.

Description: A 15 year-old female adolescent developed locked-in syndrome during severe hyponatremia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with the diagnosis of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis.

[Pseudotumor cerebri secondary to dural sinus thrombosis: pediatric case report].

Pseudotumor cerebri is a relatively common neurologic syndrome in adolescence. In most cases, etiology is idiopathic, but it may have serious complications, such as blindness, that are related to increased intracranial pressure. The aim of this article is to emphasize the differential diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri, with special attention to treatable etiologies.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: two cases with cervical spinal cord compression.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a peripheral nerve disorder probably due to an immunological disturb. It evolves either in a steadily progressive or in a relapsing and fluctuating course. Weakness is mainly in the lower limbs proximally and distally.

[Contribution of psychosocial risk factors for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder].

Objective: To analyze the contribution of psychosocial risk factors for the diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: This is a retrospective, case-control study that analyzed 403 pupils from a public elementary school. DSM-IV symptom questionnaire and a specific psychosocial questionnaire were filled out, and a history and complete physical and neurological examinations were performed.

[Ketogenic diet for intractable epilepsy in children and adolescents: report of six cases].

Background: This study aims to report on use of the ketogenic diet in a group of six children and adolescents with intractable epilepsy.

Methods: Authors reviewed the medical records of every patient under 15 years of age who received the ketogenic diet between April 1999 and July 2003. A comparison is made between treatment results, adverse events and beneficial effects with the pertinent medical literature.