Narrative review of studies on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Brazil and its implementation in the public health network.

Objectives: To discuss studies conducted in Brazil relating to PrEP, from 2012 to 2022, based on a narrative review.

Methodology: The databases of the Virtual Health Library/PAHO, portals from Scielo, Scopus, and PubMed, and the descriptors in English and Portuguese 'Pre-exposure to HIV' and 'Brazil' were used, as well as a list of planned/in-progress demonstrative studies. Inclusion criteria consists of articles with fieldwork in Brazil coupled with PrEP in the Brazilian scenario; and articles in English or Portuguese.

The Brazilian LGBT+ Health Survey: methodology and descriptive results.

The understanding of health care demands and possible access barriers may support policymaking and best practices targeting the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and related identities (LGBT+) population. The aims of the Brazilian LGBT+ Health Survey were to characterize the LGBT+ population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to specify the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic in this population. This is a cross-sectional online study, with a convenience sample of 976 individuals identified as LGBT+, aged 18 years or older from Brazil.

Drivers of Sexual Inactivity Among Women Living with HIV and AIDS: Findings of the GENIH Study in São Paulo, Brazil.

The advances on HIV/AIDS diagnosis and treatment have enabled people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) better quality of life. However, the persistence of HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and the risks triggered by HIV disclosure, may be a barrier to the sexual exercise of PLHA. We investigated the prevalence of sexual inactivity and the reasons given for it among a representative sample of women of reproductive age living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil.

Differences and similarities in women living and not living with HIV: contributions by the GENIH study to sexual and reproductive healthcare.

This quantitative study in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, compared contexts of social vulnerability and sexual and reproductive behavior in a sample of 975 women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHIV) and 1,003 women not living with HIV, the latter recruited among users of the primary healthcare system. WLHIV experienced situations of greater vulnerability that potentially increased their risk of HIV infection and unplanned pregnancy and abortion. Compared to women users of the primary healthcare system, WLHIV reported higher rates of drug use, sex for money, exposure to intimate partner violence, difficulties in access to services for prevention and early diagnosis, unplanned pregnancies, induced abortion, and teenage pregnancy.

Factors associated with self-reported discrimination against men who have sex with men in Brazil.

Objective: To estimate self-reported discrimination due to sexual orientation among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil and to analyze associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 3,859 MSM recruited in 2008-2009 with respondent driven sampling. Data collection conducted in health centers in 10 Brazilian cities.

The dynamics of the production of AIDS-related stigma among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The study analyses the relationship between AIDS-related stigma and the processes of discrimination prior to diagnosis among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS. The fieldwork involved interviews about the life trajectories of 29 pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS, recruited at two AIDS services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis revealed that before HIV diagnosis, social and gender inequalities experienced by these women reduced their access to material and symbolic goods that could have enhanced educational and career prospects and their ability and autonomy to exercise sexual and reproductive rights.

Differences in the Access to Sterilization between Women Living and Not Living with HIV: Results from the GENIH Study, Brazil.

Background: In many countries, young women of reproductive age have been especially affected by the HIV epidemic, which have fostered research to better understand how HIV infection influences and shapes women´s fertility and reproductive and sexual decisions. In Brazil, few studies have focused on the impact of the HIV epidemic on contraceptive choices among women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Objective: This study evaluates the impact HIV infection may have in the access to female sterilization in Brazil, using a time-to-event analysis.

'Protective' silence surrounding AIDS: Reasons and implications of non-disclosure among pregnant women living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

The persistence of stigma surrounding AIDS remains a challenge in the epidemic's fourth decade. Based on qualitative research, this study analyses how pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS (PWLHA) experience and cope with AIDS stigma. A total of 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with PWLHA focusing on socioeconomic profiles, the contexts in which they discovered HIV infection, experiences with health-care sites and ways of dealing with AIDS-related stigma.

Sex, love and money along the Namibian-Angolan border.

In sub-Saharan Africa, young women engaged in relationships with multiple partners in order to gain material benefits play a key role in local HIV dynamics. This paper is based upon field observations and interviews with 38 young women who live along the Angolan-Namibian border. In the last 10 years, rapid urbanisation has attracted migrants in search of opportunities to do business in the region.

Factors Associated with Low Levels of HIV Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to assess risk factors associated with low levels of HIV testing among MSM recruited through respondent driven sampling (RDS) in Brazil. Of 3,617 participants, 48.4% had never tested previously for HIV.

HIV-1, HBV, HCV, HTLV, HPV-16/18, and Treponema pallidum infections in a sample of Brazilian men who have sex with men.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are more vulnerable to blood-borne infections and/or sexually-transmitted infections (STI). This study was conducted to estimate the prevalences of mono and co-infections of HIV-1 and other blood-borne/STIs in a sample of MSM in Campinas, Brazil.

Methods: Responding Driven Sampling (RDS) was used for recruitment of MSM.

HIV among MSM in a large middle-income country.

Objective: To conduct the first national biological and behavioral surveillance survey for HIV among MSM in Brazil.

Design: A cross-sectional surveillance study utilizing Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) in 10 cities, following formative research. Planned sample: 350 MSM reporting sex with another man in the last 12 months, at least 18 years of age, and residing in the city of the study.

Dual Protection and Dual Methods in Women Living with HIV: The Brazilian Context.

The cooccurrence of HIV and unintended pregnancy has prompted a body of work on dual protection, the simultaneous protection against HIV and unintended pregnancy. This study examines dual protection and dual methods as a risk-reduction strategy for women living with HIV. Data are from a cross-sectional sample of HIV-positive women attended in Specialized STI/AIDS Public Health Service Clinics in 13 municipalities from all five regions of Brazil 2003-2004 (N = 834).

Exploring the relationship between induced abortion and HIV infection in Brazil.

The impact of HIV on the decision to interrupt pregnancy remains an understudied topic in Brazil and the world. The technical means to implement HIV prevention and treatment interventions are widely available in Brazil. Although Brazil has restrictive abortion laws, induced abortion occurs frequently.

[Early diagnosis and correlations of sexually transmitted infections among women in primary care health services].

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in women remain a public health challenge due to high prevalence, difficulties to implement early diagnosis strategies and high rates of complications.

Objective: Identify the prevalence of STIs among users of a primary health care clinic in São Paulo.

Methods: Women, 18 to 40 years of age, were invited to self-collect vaginal specimens to be tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Prevalence and factors associated with HSV-2 and hepatitis B infections among truck drivers crossing the southern Brazilian border.

Objectives: The authors estimate the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection and correlates of HBV and HSV-2 infection among truck drivers crossing the southern Brazilian border at Foz do Iguaçu.

Methods: Between October 2003 and March 2005, 1945 truck drivers were sampled while accessing voluntary counselling and testing services; 1833 (94.2%) were tested for HIV (ELISA and confirmatory immunofluorescence assay) and syphilis (non-treponemal (VDRL) and treponemal tests (FTA-ABS)).

Antiretroviral drug resistance in a respondent-driven sample of HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Brazil.

Background: : There are few studies on HIV subtypes and primary and secondary antiretroviral drug resistance (ADR) in community-recruited samples in Brazil. We analyzed HIV clade diversity and prevalence of mutations associated with ADR in men who have sex with men in all five regions of Brazil.

Methods: : Using respondent-driven sampling, we recruited 3515 men who have sex with men in nine cities: 299 (9.

Reliability of self-report of HIV status among men who have sex with men in Brazil.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of self-reported HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil.

Methods: MSM 18 years of age or older were recruited to a multicenter study using respondent-driven sampling. We compared self-report of the HIV test with a rapid HIV test using the kappa coefficient.

[Induced abortion in women of reproductive age living with and without HIV/Aids in Brazil].

This study aimed to identify and compare the characteristics of women living (WLHA) and not living with HIV/AIDS (WNLHA) regarding the report of lifetime induced abortion. Data from 1,777 MVHA and 2,045 MNVHA were collected between November 2003 and December 2004 during a cross-sectional study carried out in 13 municipalities of Brazil. After adjustment for confounding variables, 13.

[Contexts of HIV vulnerability among Brazilian women].

This article aims to identify contexts of vulnerability related to HIV among Brazilian women. From November 2003 to December 2004, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 municipalities in the five Brazilian regions. The study included 1,777 women with a positive HIV diagnosis and 2,045 women attending public health care services.

Consistency in women's reports of sensitive behavior in an interview mode experiment, São Paulo, Brazil.

Context: Inaccurate reporting of sexual behavior creates a misleading picture of individuals' risk for STI infection. Despite a substantial body of U.S.

Partner-delivered medication for sexually transmitted infections: findings from Brazil.

Background: Notifying and treating sexual partners of women or men diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is imperative to reducing STI transmission.

Methods: As part of a study to examine the introduction of home-based STI testing and rapid-point-of-care diagnostics in a low income population of women in São Paulo, Brazil, we offered 108 women diagnosed with an STI the opportunity to contact partner(s) herself have a clinician contact partner(s) or provide her with medication for partner(s).

Results: Offering partner-delivered medication to women with gonorrhea, chlamydia and/or trichomoniasis, in addition to the standard referral strategies, resulted in high rates of partner treatment, with 80 percent of reported male partners and 96 percent of notified male partners treated.

Determination of glycemia and insulinemia and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in schoolchildren and adolescents with normal body mass index.

Objective: To determine fasting glycemia and insulinemia levels and the HOMA index in a group of children and adolescents with normal body mass index (BMI).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at two public schools in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. A total of 447 children and adolescents of both sexes, with normal BMI, aged 7 to 17.

Abdominal circumference as an indicator of clinical and laboratory parameters associated with obesity in children and adolescents: comparison between two reference tables.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of two pediatric abdominal circumference reference tables to detect abnormally high body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting blood insulin and leptin levels, and homeostasis model assessment values.

Methods: A total of 624 male and female subjects, with ages ranging from 7 to 18 years, were evaluated. All children were recruited from two public schools.

Home-based self-sampling and self-testing for sexually transmitted infections: acceptable and feasible alternatives to provider-based screening in low-income women in São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether home-based screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is acceptable, feasible, and increases the proportion of women screened among low-income women in São Paulo, Brazil.

Study Design: Eight hundred eighteen women were randomized to receive a clinic appointment or a kit for home-based STI self-collection and testing. All participants collected 2 vaginal swabs, one for polymerase chain reaction detection of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis and another for a self-conducted rapid test for trichomoniasis.