Assessment of Gastroenteric Viruses in Marketed Bivalve Mollusks in the Tourist Cities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2022.

This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of gastroenteric viruses in mussels and oysters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and thirty-four marketed bivalve samples were obtained between January and December 2022. The viral analysis was performed according to ISO/TS 15216, and the screening revealed the detection of norovirus GII/GI (40.

Evaluation of Extraction Methods to Detect Noroviruses in Ready-to-Eat Raw Milk Minas Artisanal Cheese.

This study aimed to assess two homogenization methods to recover norovirus from Minas artisanal cheese (MAC) made with raw bovine milk obtained from four microregions of the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, with different ripening times and geographical and abiotic characteristics. For this purpose, 33 fiscal samples were artificially contaminated with norovirus GI and GII, and Mengovirus (MgV), used as an internal process control (IPC). TRIzol reagent and Proteinase K homogenization methods were evaluated for all samples were then subjected to RNA extraction using viral magnetic beads and RT-qPCR Taqman for viral detection/quantification.

Environmental assessment of sewage contamination in the surroundings of a marine outfall combining human mastadenovirus and fecal indicator bacteria.

This study assessed the microbiological contamination of the marine area of a metropolitan region, where a marine outfall is used as a sanitary solution for domestic sewage. For human mastadenovirus (HAdV) quantification 134 water samples were concentrated by skimmed milk flocculation method and analyzed with qPCR and PMAxx-qPCR, being the latter to assess the capsid integrity viral. HAdV with intact capsids were detected in 10 % (16/102) of samples classified as suitable for bathing using at least one fecal bacterial indicator.

Investigation of Human and Animal Viruses in Water Matrices from a Rural Area in Southeastern Region of Brazil and Their Potential Use as Microbial Source-Tracking Markers.

This study assessed the sources of contamination of water matrices in a rural area using detection of a host-specific virus (human adenovirus [HAdV], porcine adenovirus [PAdV] and bovine polyomaviruses [BoPyV]) as potential microbial source-tracking tool, and rotavirus A [RVA], given its epidemiological importance in Brazil. From July 2017 to June 2018, 92 samples were collected from eight points (P1-P8) of surface and raw waters in southeastern region of Brazil. Fifty-five (59.

Quantification of infectious Human mastadenovirus in environmental matrices using PMAxx-qPCR.

Molecular methodologies providing data on viral concentration and infectivity have been successfully used in environmental virology, supporting quantitative risk assessment studies. The present study aimed to assess human mastadenovirus (HAdV) intact particles using a derivative of propidium monoazide associated with qPCR (PMAxx-qPCR) in aquatic matrices. Initially, different concentrations of PMAxx were evaluated to establish an optimal protocol for treating different naturally contaminated matrices, using 10 min incubation in the dark at 200 rpm at room temperature and 15 min of photoactivation in the PMA-Lite™ LED photolysis device.

Microbiological characterization of stormwater in a high-income neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Stormwater harvesting and reuse in the urban environment is emerging as an alternative water source, despite human pathogens in the stormwater may represent a hazard to public health. This study presents the results of 1-year monitoring to evaluate the quality of stormwater obtained in a high-income neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro for a set of microbiological parameters as total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), human adenovirus (HAdV), human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), Group A rotavirus (RVA), and norovirus GI and GII.

Virome in roof-harvested rainwater of a densely urbanized low-income region.

Rainwater harvesting has been considered an affordable practice to supplement the conventional sources of water supply for potable and non-potable uses worldwide. This study characterizes the viral community found in roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) samples obtained under different rain volumes in a densely urbanized low-income region in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three pilot-scale standardized metal-sheet roofs (same catchment area, material age, and slope - 3%) were installed in the study area aiming at obtaining more reliable and representative samples.

Assessment of Viral Contamination of Five Brazilian Artisanal Cheese Produced from Raw Milk: a Randomized Survey.

Enteric viruses have been described as important contaminants in fresh and ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches, deli meat and dairy products. This is a cross-sectional randomized survey to estimate the prevalence of norovirus and human adenovirus (HAdV) from 100 Brazilian artisanal raw milk cheese samples (Minas and Coalho) obtained from different agroindustries in four producing regions in the states of Minas Gerais and one in Piauí, respectively. From October 2017 to April 2018, norovirus genogroups I and II and HAdV were investigated in these cheese samples by RT-qPCR and qPCR, respectively.

Virological Characterization of Roof-Harvested Rainwater of Densely Urbanized Low-Income Region.

Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) is considered relatively clean water, even though the possible presence of pathogens in the water may pose human health risks. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of enteric viruses in the first flush (10 mm) of RHRW from a densely populated and low-income urbanized region of Rio de Janeiro. One hundred samples (5 L) were collected from 10 rainfall events between April 2015 and March 2017.

Wastewater-based epidemiology as a useful tool to track SARS-CoV-2 and support public health policies at municipal level in Brazil.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been applied as a complementary approach for spatial tracking of coronavirus disease 2019 cases (COVID-19) as well as early warning of the occurrence of infected populations. The present study presents the result of the monitoring of sanitary sewerage in the municipality of Niterói, a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and its use as a complementary indicator in the surveillance of COVID-19 cases, thus assisting actions of public health from local authorities. Twelve composite raw sewage samples were weekly collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and alternately from 17 sewer pipes (SP) from surrounding neighbourhoods and slums throughout 20 weeks (April 15th to August 25th, 2020).

Preliminary results of SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewerage system in Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study presents preliminary results from a sewage-based surveillance to monitor the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the municipality of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. By using ultracentrifugation method associated to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 41.6% (5/12) of raw sewage samples obtained from sewage treatment plants and sewers network in the city.

Rotavirus A in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology and Surveillance during 2018-2019.

Rotavirus A (RVA) vaccines succeeded in lowering the burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, especially preventing severe disease and mortality. In 2019, Brazil completed 13 years of RVA vaccine implementation (Rotarix™) within the National Immunization Program (NIP), and as reported elsewhere, the use of Rotarix™ in the country has reduced childhood mortality and morbidity due to AGE. Even though both marketed vaccines are widely distributed, the surveillance of RVA causing AGE and the monitoring of circulating genotypes are important tools to keep tracking the epidemiological scenario and vaccines impact.

Enteric viruses in HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative children with diarrheal diseases in Brazil.

Diarrheal diseases (DD) have distinct etiological profiles in immune-deficient and immune-competent patients. This study compares detection rates, genotype distribution and viral loads of different enteric viral agents in HIV-1 seropositive (n = 200) and HIV-1 seronegative (n = 125) children hospitalized with DD in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Except for group A rotavirus (RVA), which were detected through enzyme immunoassay, the other enteric viruses (norovirus [NoV], astrovirus [HAstV], adenovirus [HAdV] and bocavirus [HBoV]) were detected through PCR or RT-PCR.

Polymorphism of rotavirus genotype G1 in Brazil: in silico analysis of variant strains circulating in Rio de Janeiro from 1996 to 2004.

The polymorphism of species A rotavirus genotype G1 strains (RVA-G1) circulating in Rio de Janeiro between 1996 and 2004 was evaluated. The VP7 encoding gene of 36 G1 isolates was sequenced and compared to references strains. The deduced amino acid sequences were used as basis for in silico analysis of the VP7 protein.

Multiple-gene characterization of rotavirus strains: evidence of genetic linkage among the VP7-, VP4-, VP6-, and NSP4-encoding genes.

A total of 162 rotavirus strains detected between 1996 and 2006 among individuals with diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by multiple-gene genotyping. Characterization of strains was done by RT-PCR assay for amplification and typing of the VP7-, VP4-, VP6-, and NSP4-encoding genes. Overall, 139 (85.

Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus conjunctivitis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2004 and 2007.

Viral conjunctivitis is a common, highly contagious disease often caused by adenovirus. We investigate the frequency of adenoviral conjunctivitis in the population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between March 2004 and May 2007 and identified the predominant serotype circulating among this population. Seventy-five ocular swabs were collected from 66 patients with clinical presentation of conjunctivitis.

Human bocavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis, Brazil.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) was detected in 14 (2%) of 705 fecal specimens from Brazilian children with gastroenteritis. Coinfection with rotavirus, adenovirus, or norovirus was found in 3 (21.4%) HBoV-positive specimens.

Astrovirus detection in sporadic cases of diarrhea among hospitalized and non-hospitalized children in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2004.

We analyzed 379 stool samples collected from January 1998 through December 2004, from hospitalized and non-hospitalized children with diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These samples had prior negative results for other enteric viruses and bacterial pathogens. The specimens were analyzed for HAstV detection by RT-PCR.

Norovirus detection and genotyping for children with gastroenteritis, Brazil.

During 1998-2005, we analyzed stool samples from 289 children in Rio de Janeiro to detect and genotype no-rovirus strains. Previous tests showed all samples to be negative for rotavirus and adenovirus. Of 42 (14.

Rotavirus surveillance in the city of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil during 2000-2004: detection of unusual strains with G8P[4] or G10P[9] specificities.

Rotavirus diarrhea is a potentially life-threatening disease that affects millions of children annually around the world. Because protection against rotavirus disease is thought to be type specific, continuous rotavirus surveillance before and after implementation of a vaccine is still of essential importance. Rotavirus surveillance has been conducted in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil since 1982.