Neuronal and mesodermal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells is characterized by expression of specific marker genes and modulated by activin and fibroblast growth factors.

We have used the P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) aggregation system as a model for early mouse development to study induction and modulation of mesodermal and neuronal differentiation. By studying the expression of marker genes for differentiated cells in this model we have shown that there is a good correlation between the differentiation direction induced in P19 EC aggregates and the expression of these genes. Expression of the neuronal gene midkine is exclusively upregulated when P19 EC cells are induced to form neurons while expression of early mesodermal genes such as Brachyury T, evx-1, goosecoid and nodal is elevated after induction to the mesodermal pathway.