Source and Filter Acoustic Measures of Young, Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults for Application in Vowel Synthesis.

Introduction: The output sound has important changes throughout life due to anatomical and physiological modifications in the larynx and vocal tract. Understanding the young adult to the elderly speech acoustic characteristics may assist in the synthesis of representative voices of men and women of different age groups.

Objective: To obtain the fundamental frequency (f), formant frequencies (F, F, F, F), and bandwidth (B, B, B, B) values extracted from the sustained vowel /a/ of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults who are Brazilian Portuguese speakers; to present the application of these parameters in vowel synthesis.

Bipedicled Vocal Fold Mucosal Flap: An Experimental Study.

Objective: To determine the dimensions of mucosal defects that can be covered by a bipedicled vocal fold mucosal flap.

Methods: We used 20 adults human larynges (10 of each gender) excised from cadavers, divided into 2 groups of 10 larynges (5 of each gender) each. In one group (the normal flap group), we created the largest possible bipedicled vocal fold mucosal flap and then quantified the dimensions of the largest defect that could be covered by displacing the flap medially.

An update on COVID-19 for the otorhinolaryngologist - a Brazilian Association of Otolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery (ABORL-CCF) Position Statement.

Introduction: We are facing a pandemic with a great impact worldwide, as a result of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The medical community is still getting to know behavior of this virus and the consequences from a population point of view. All this knowledge is extremely dynamic, so some behaviors are still not well established.

Bipedicled Vocal Fold Mucosal Flap Use in Phonomicrosurgery: Case Series.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to present a novel surgical technique involving the use of a "bipedicled vocal fold mucosal flap" to repair a mucosal defect and to evaluate the outcomes of patients in whom it was used.

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 6 clinical cases. All patients underwent surgery between November 2000 and July 2018, and all procedures were performed by the same surgeon.

Vocal Tract Adjustments of Dysphonic and Non-Dysphonic Women Pre- and Post-Flexible Resonance Tube in Water Exercise: A Quantitative MRI Study.

Objective: To compare vocal tract (VT) adjustments of dysphonic and non-dysphonic women before and after flexible resonance tube in water exercise (FRTWE) at rest and during phonation using magnetic resonance imaging.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Methods: Twenty women, aged 20-40 years, 10 dysphonic with vocal nodules (VNG) and 10 controls (CG), underwent four sets of sagittal VT MRI: two pre-FRTWE, at rest and during phonation, and two post-FRTWE, during phonation and at rest.

High-speed Videolaryngoscopy: Quantitative Parameters of Glottal Area Waveforms and High-speed Kymography in Healthy Individuals.

Objectives: We conducted a study to obtain quantitative parameters of the vocal dynamic using high-speed videolaryngoscopy and to characterize the vocal fold vibration pattern of healthy individuals by analyzing glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography.

Methods: Laryngeal images of 45 healthy individuals were captured using high-speed videolaryngoscopy. The open and speed quotients of the glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography were obtained and statistically analyzed according to the gender of each individual.

Perturbation Measurements on the Degree of Naturalness of Synthesized Vowels.

Objective: To determine the impact of jitter and shimmer on the degree of naturalness perception of synthesized vowels produced by acoustical simulation with glottal pulses (GP) and with solid model of the vocal tract (SMVT).

Study Design: Prospective study.

Methods: Synthesized vowels were produced in three steps: 1.

Impact of Cricothyroid Muscle Contraction on Vocal Fold Vibration: Experimental Study with High-Speed Videoendoscopy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cricothyroid muscle contraction on vocal fold vibration, as evaluated with high-speed videoendoscopy, and to identify one or more aspects of vocal fold vibration that could be used as an irrefutable indicator of unilateral cricothyroid muscle paralysis.

Study Design: This was an experimental study employing excised human larynges.

Methods: Twenty freshly excised human larynges were evaluated during artificially produced vibration.

Correlation of the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V), and Gender in Brazilians With and Without Voice Disorders.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) in Brazilians with or without voice disorders and investigate DSI's correlation with gender and auditory-perceptual evaluation data obtained via the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) protocol.

Study Design: A total of 66 Brazilian adults from both genders participated in the study, including 24 patients with dysphonia confirmed on laryngeal examination (dysphonic group [DG]) and 42 volunteers without voice or hearing complaints and without auditory-perceptual voice disorders (nondysphonic group [NDG]).

Methods: The vocal tasks included in CAPE-V and DSI were performed and recorded.

Improvement of vocal pathologies diagnosis using high-speed videolaryngoscopy.

Introduction The study of the dynamic properties of vocal fold vibration is important for understanding the vocal production mechanism and the impact of organic and functional changes. The advent of high-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV) has provided the possibility of seeing the real cycle of vocal fold vibration in detail through high sampling rate of successive frames and adequate spatial resolution. Objective To describe the technique, advantages, and limitations of using HSV and digital videokymography in the diagnosis of vocal pathologies.

Cognitive Vocal Program applied to individuals with signals presbylarynx: preliminary results.

Purpose: To propose and verify the feasibility of a vocal program intervention in patients with presbylarynx signs with or without vocal complaints.

Method: Among 20 elder participants of the current research, 3 female patients with median age of 67 years were chosen for the pilot study. Laryngological examination, vocal recording with CAPE-V (Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice) protocol, and Screening Protocol of Risk of Dysphonia (SPRD) were conducted before and after the program intervention.

Comparative analysis of vocal fold vibration using high-speed videoendoscopy and digital kymography.

Objectives: To compare high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) and digital kymography (DKG) in the vocal fold vibration analysis of normophonic women with no vocal fold abnormalities.

Study Design: Prospective study comparing quantitative parameters extracted by HSV and DKG.

Methods: Eighteen normophonic women whose age ranged from 18 to 45 years participated in the study.

Graphical evaluation of vocal fold vibratory patterns by high-speed videolaryngoscopy.

Objective: To characterize the voice and vocal fold function of an individual, it is essential to evaluate vocal fold vibration. The most widely used method for this purpose has been videolaryngoscopy.

Methods: This article proposes a digital image processing algorithm to estimate the glottal area (ie, the space between the vocal folds) and produce graphs of the opening and closing phases of the glottal cycle.

Diffusion of aniline blue injected into the thyroarytenoid muscle as a proxy for botulinum toxin injection: an experimental study in cadaver larynges.

Introduction:  Endolaryngeal injection of botulinum toxin into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle is one of the methods for treatment of focal laryngeal dystonia. However, after treatment, there is variation in laryngeal configuration as well as the side effects reported by patients. As a consequence of the functional variability of results, it was hypothesized that botulinum toxin diffuses beyond the limits of the muscle into which it is injected.

High-speed kymography identifies the immediate effects of voiced vibration in healthy vocal folds.

Introduction:  The effects of voiced vibration technique can be assessed by laryngeal imaging. Kymographic images derived from high-speed videoendoscopy allow actual visualization of vocal folds vibration.

Purpose:  The aim of this study is to identify the immediate effects of the voiced vibration technique in healthy vocal folds using high-speed digital laryngeal imaging.

Parameters acoustic and high-speed kymography identified effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises.

Purpose: To identify the immediate effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises on healthy subjects by means of acoustic parameters and high-speed kymography.

Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (18 women and 12 men, aged from 19 to 45 years old) participated in this study. The voices were recorded at the range of 44.

Endoscopic laser thyroarytenoid myoneurectomy in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a pilot study on long-term outcome on voice quality.

Objectives: Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) is a focal laryngeal dystonia, which compromises greatly the quality of life of the patients involved. It is a severe vocal disorder characterized by spasms of laryngeal muscles during speech, producing phonatory breaks, forced, strained and strangled voice. Its symptoms result from involuntary and intermittent contractions of thyroarytenoid muscle during speech, which causes vocal fold to strain, pressing each vocal fold against the other and increasing glottic resistance.

Histologic study of perifascial areolar tissue implanted in rabbit vocal folds: an experimental study.

Objectives: Perifascial areolar tissue (PAT) consists of loose areolar tissue with viscoelastic properties that are similar to those found in tissues in the superficial layer of the vocal fold. The aim of this study was to quantify the inflammatory process and the collagen content of the graft, as well as that of the host tissue, after placement of a strip of PAT into the rabbit vocal fold.

Methods: Surgeries were performed on 30 rabbits.

Multiple-sited amyloidosis in the upper aerodigestive tract: case report and literature review.

There are some reports of localized amyloidosis in the larynx, an entity that corresponds to one percent of all benign tumors of this region. However, there are only two cases of amyloidosis in the Waldeyer's ring 6, 13, 14. We hereby describe a rare case of amyloidosis in areas not associated with the upper aero-digestive tract: tonsil pillar, rhinopharynx, supraglottis and glottis, without visible continuity of amyloid tissue.

T-shaped microsuture: a new suture technique for laryngeal microsurgery.

Unlabelled: To describe a new suture technique for laryngeal microsurgery and to test its applicability in human cadaver larynges. The new technique was experimentally tested in freshly excised human larynges fixed to a larynx holder appropriate for the simulation of laryngeal microsurgery. A mucosal flap was created in the vocal fold for the fabrication of a pocket for subepithelial fat implantation, and the wound edges were then brought together and sutured using the proposed technique.