Are HPV oncogenic viruses involved in salivary glands tumorigenesis?

The association between different viruses and cancer is well acknowledged in human pathology. However, the precise understanding of how oncogenic viruses intervene in the development of cancer of salivary glands (SGs) remains incomplete. Our review aimed to explore the current literature regarding SGs cancer to evaluate the potential involvement of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in their development.

Advanced Diagnostic Tools in Hypothermia-Related Fatalities-A Pathological Perspective.

Background And Objectives: Although classical gross features are known in hypothermia victims, they lack specific diagnosis features. The aim of our study was to reveal specific brain and lung pathological features in a group of hypothermia-related fatalities.

Materials And Methods: The study group comprised 107 cases from our files associated with hypothermia.

Symptomatic pericardial cysts and dilemmas in their diagnosis.

Pericardial cysts (PCs) or pleuropericardial cysts are rare congenital mediastinal lesions with an approximate incidence of one in 100 000 persons. Usually, they are asymptomatic, being incidentally discovered during a routine chest imaging examination or an autopsy exam. The study involved a retrospective evaluation of clinicopathological findings in a 6-year series of PCs, treated in the Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Iaşi, Romania.

The significance of immune microenvironment in patients with endometriosis.

Endometriosis represents an estrogen-dependent disease of the female reproductive system and intra- and extraperitoneal regions, with chronic feature. Currently, immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, are considered to play a pivotal role in angiogenesis and invasion of endometriotic cells through matrix remodeling. Additionally, various studies have revealed the role of E-cadherin, β-catenin, along with steroid hormone receptors in endometriosis development.

Multi-Faceted Role of Cancer-Associated Adipocytes in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer, especially in obese patients, and the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Based on these data, extensive research has been performed over the last decades to decipher the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its cellular and molecular components in CRC development and progression. In this regard, substantial progress has been made in the identification of cancer-associated adipocytes' (CAAs) characteristics, considering their active role in the CCR tumor niche, by releasing a panel of metabolites, growth factors, and inflammatory adipokines, which assist the cancer cells' development.

The clinicopathological challenges of symptomatic and incidental pulmonary hamartomas diagnosis.

Pulmonary hamartomas (PHs) are the most common benign lung tumors. Usually, they are asymptomatic and incidentally discovered during assessment for other diseases or during the autopsy exam. In this context, we have performed a retrospective analysis of surgical resections in a 5-year series of patients diagnosed with PHs in the Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Iaşi, Romania, aiming to evaluate their clinicopathological features.

The Value of Myocardium and Kidney Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Findings in Accidental Hypothermia-Related Fatalities.

The post-mortem diagnosis of hypothermia is challenging in forensics. The aim of our study was to detect the kidney and heart histopathological changes that occurred in a group of hypothermia-related fatalities. The cohort included 107 cases identified in the database of our department between 2007 and 2021, which have been associated with extreme cold stress.

The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma.

Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma's clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population.

Thymolipoma - the frontier between hamartoma and neoplasia?

Thymolipoma is an uncommon benign thymus lesion, with a partially deciphered etiopathogeny, being most frequently diagnosed in young patients, regardless of gender. Incidentally diagnosed in asymptomatic patients, larger thymolipomas lead to symptoms related to neighboring mediastinal structures compression, with an intensity which is correlated with the mass size. Our review presents the main epidemiological, pathogenic, clinicopathological and morphological characteristics of this rare pathology.

The histopathological landscape of the major psoriasiform dermatoses.

Psoriasiform dermatoses represent a wide spectrum of inflammatory conditions, with several major forms represented by psoriasis, as the prototype of this category, followed by pustular psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, pityriasis rubra pilaris, lichen simplex chronicus and large-plaques parapsoriasis. They create a diagnostic challenge, both clinical and histopathological, because of their complexity and frequent overlapping of the microscopical features. The characteristic histopathological features of psoriasiform reaction comprise extensive hyperkeratosis, with horizontally confluent but vertically intermittent parakeratosis, which alternate with orthokeratosis, thin granular layer, with relative frequent mitoses, uniform elongated and fused rete ridges, edematous superficial papillary dermis, with dilated capillaries, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, Munro's microabscesses, and spongiform pustules of Kogoj.

Spongiotic reaction patterns in autoimmune bullous dermatoses (Review).

Spongiosis or a spongiotic reaction pattern is the histological hallmark of intercellular epidermal edema, viewed as clear spaces within the epidermis. Although considered a histopathological term, spongiosis has clinical correlations, with the variable degrees of spongiotic reaction leading to different dermatological findings. This review aimed to highlight the spongiotic reactive patterns found in different autoimmune bullous dermatoses, considering the paucity of publications in this domain.

Perirenal Adipose Tissue-Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities.

The perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), a component of visceral adipose tissue, has been recently recognized as an important factor that contributes to the maintenance of the cardiovascular system and kidney homeostasis. PRAT is a complex microenvironment consisting of a mixture of white adipocytes and dormant and active brown adipocytes, associated with predipocytes, sympathetic nerve endings, vascular structures, and different types of inflammatory cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about PRAT and discuss its role as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension, obesity, chronic renal diseases, and involvement in tumor progression.

Ovarian hydatid cyst - systematic review of clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of an unusual entity.

Primary ovarian hydatid disease (HD) is a rare entity, produced by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. HD commonly involves liver, lung, abdomen cavity, spleen and is unusually identified in pelvic organs. Based on our knowledge, the paper reviews 27 literature reports of ovarian HD, diagnosed during the last 20 years, providing a valuable database.

Perivascular adipose tissue in cardiovascular diseases-an update.

The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been recently recognized as an important factor in vascular biology, with implications in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The cell types and the precursor cells of PVAT appear to be different according to their location, with the component cell type including white, brown, and beige adipocytes. PVAT releases a panel of adipokines and cytokines that maintain vascular homeostasis, but it also has the ability of intervention in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic plaques development and in the vascular tone modulation.

The endometrial regeneration frontiers: from mechanisms to applications in regenerative medicine.

The endometrium is a unique and remarkable tissue characterized by a constant regeneration activity and this has been speculative for scientists, regarding its mechanism, regulatory factors, and their significance for fertility and endometrial pathology. Relatively recent scientific progresses due to genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics have changed the knowledge in respect with endometrial regeneration and uterine-derived diseases. Our review is designed to highlight the recent progresses in understanding the endometrial physiology and its alterations involvement in uterine-derived diseases, addressing the current paradigm regarding endometrial regeneration, based on endometrial regenerative cells.

Adipocytes spectrum - From homeostasia to obesity and its associated pathology.

Firstly identified by anatomists, the fat tissue is nowadays an area of intense research due to increased global prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases. Histologically, there are four types of fat tissue cells which are currently recognized (white, brown, beige, and perivascular adipocytes). Therefore, in this study we are reviewing the most recent data regarding the origin, structure, and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of adipocytes.

Pointing at Ito cell, from structure to function (⃛ or Cinderella story in liver histology).

For more than 130 years, the hepatic stellate cells (also known as Ito cells) have been the object of numerous studies that aimed at their characterization both in normal and postlesional status, where they play a key role in fibrosis progression specific for chronic hepatic pathology. Converged studies on their histophysiology have revealed other functions, namely the involvement in liver embryological development and regeneration, metabolisms regulation, modulation of local inflammatory and immune reactions. Ito cells plasticity is surprising, as they are able to provide the connection between the complex sinusoidal and parenchymal microenvironment, influencing by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms the extracellular matrix content in tight correlation to growth and repair necessities.

Remodeling of basement membrane in patients with asthma.

The "bronchial remodeling" specific for the asthmatic disease consists in irreversible changes of the bronchial wall, including glandular and smooth muscle fibers hyperplasia and÷or hypertrophy, goblet cells hyperplasia, and thickening of basement membrane (BM). We aimed to analyze the BM thickness in asthma patients, in order to validate the relationship between its changes and the disease severity defined in agreement with the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria. The study group has been formed of 38 patients with different degrees of severity of asthma established by spirometry using Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), and two patients without asthma symptoms as controls.

Macrophage profile in primary versus secondary liver tumors.

Macrophages are important components of the tumor-associated infiltrate and are qualified as one of the major players of the cancer-related inflammation. It was shown that tumor cells can either stimulate or mediate apoptosis of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). To date, there is no general agreement regarding the influence of TAMs and their numbers on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic metastases (HM).

A morphometric approach in breast cytology--geometrical descriptors in the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions.

This study focuses on the analysis of geometric descriptors that can be applied in breast cytology, and their correlation with the qualitative features, with the aim to underline the differences between the benign and malignant cell profile. The morphometric investigation was performed on smears obtained by fine needle aspiration, 10 cases (group 1) diagnosed as benign and 10 cases (group 2) as malignant. For group 2, the malignancy was histopathologically confirmed on the surgical resection specimen.

Relationship between Kuppfer cells, inflammation, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C.

Kupffer cells are liver parenchymal components of the immune system able of intervention in pathogenic mechanisms involved in viral hepatitis and tumoral lesions. Our study aimed to evaluate the Kupfferian hyperplasia in chronic hepatitis B and C, and to correlate with the severity of liver lesions, focusing on the modality in which Kupffer cells modulate the necroinflammatory events and fibrosis specific for chronic hepatitis morphologic substrate. We investigated 33 cases with chronic hepatitis B and 38 cases with chronic hepatitis C, diagnosed according to Ishak score (in chronic hepatitis B and C) and METAVIR score (in chronic hepatitis C).

High variability in MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 expression in secondary liver tumors.

The assessment of MMPs/TIMPs expression in various primary tumors has potential prognostic values. Considering the paucity of studies in secondary liver tumors, our aim was to study the expression of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, and TIMP2 in secondary hepatic cancer, focusing on their variability in the malignant cells. The study group included 25 cases of liver metastases of colorectal cancer, diagnosed and surgically treated at "Sf.

CLDN3 expression and significance - breast carcinoma versus ovarian carcinoma.

Claudins (CLDNs) are transmembrane proteins, as normal constituents of the architecture of tight junctions. Recent studies support their involvement in carcinogenesis, as changes in CLDNs structure result in alterations in tight junctions' structure and function, facilitating malignant transformation. We aimed CLDN3 investigation in both breast and ovarian carcinoma, targeting the identification of its expression differences.

Relationship between immunohistochemical assessment of bronchial mucosa microvascularization and clinical stage in asthma.

Although hardly ever used in current practice, fibrobronchoscopy may provide interesting histopathological-clinical correlations in patients diagnosed with different stages of evolutive asthma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between semi-quantitative microvascularization features and the asthma severity assessed according to the GINA classification 2006. Our study group consisted in 21 patients diagnosed with asthma of different stages of severity and two-control patients investigated by fibrobronchoscopy with associated biopsy.

Operational scores in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis. A semi-quantitative assessment.

Starting from the quantification of the specific lesions for chronic hepatitis B and C, our study focused on (i) the correspondence between the necroinflammatory activity and the fibrosis stage ascertained through the Ishak scoring system, (ii) the classification overlaps and differences of Ishak vs. METAVIR score. The study group consisted of 202 cases with chronic hepatitis B and 751 cases with chronic hepatitis C, diagnosed based on liver biopsies.