Effects of 3-day fasting on secretory IgA concentration in the saliva and lymphotoxin alpha expression in healthy volunteers: a proof of concept study.

Background: animal studies have shown that enteral stimuli play an important role in modulating gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

Objective: the main objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of 3-day fasting on secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in parotid saliva and 2) to determine the levels of lymphotoxin (LT) transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from healthy volunteers as a proxy for studying GALT health.

Methods: these adult volunteers had fasted for three days as part of a cultural ritual.

Effect of dietary protein on serum hepcidin and iron in adults with obesity and insulin resistance: A randomized single blind clinical trial.

Background And Aims: Both obesity and iron deficiency are public health problems. The association between the two problems could be explained by chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity, which could stimulate hepcidin expression and modify iron concentration that the consumption of high-protein diets could prevent. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of high-protein diets with a predominance of animal or vegetable protein on serum hepcidin and iron concentrations in adults with obesity.

[Clinical experience in patients with intestinal failure: a cohort study in a third referral hospital].

Introduction: intestinal failure (IF) is an organic failure classified into three types (I-III); it conditions inability to absorb nutrients and water, so parenteral nutrition (PN) is required. Objective: to evaluate the characteristics of hospitalized patients with IF, and their association with clinical and nutritional outcomes. Methods: historical cohort of hospitalized adults with IF and PN.

Total and segmental phase angle in a cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: mortality prediction and changes throughout hospitalisation.

Body composition and phase angle (PhA) have been used to predict mortality in multiple diseases. However, little has been studied regarding segmental measurements, which could potentially help assess subtle changes in specific tissue segments. This study aimed to identify the total PhA cut-off point associated with mortality risk and changes in body composition within a week of hospitalisation in non-critical hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Affects Oxidative Stress Marker Levels in Patients with Type II Intestinal Failure: A Randomized Double Blind Trial.

Type II intestinal failure (IF-II) is a condition in which the gastrointestinal tract is compromised. Liver complications may occur because of the pathology and/or prolonged use of parenteral nutrition (PN); oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the causes. Lipid emulsions containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed for the treatment.

Differential effects of high dose omega-3 fatty acids on metabolism and inflammation in patients with obesity: eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation.

Background: Obesity is complicated by low-grade chronic inflammation characterised by increases in inflammatory proteins and cells in peripheral blood. It has been known that omega-3 fatty acids (FA) like eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) could modulate the inflammatory process and improve metabolic markers.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of high-dose omega-3 FA on metabolic and inflammatory markers among patients with obesity and healthy volunteers.

The Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis during Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Role of Tau Protein, β-Amyloid and LPS in Serum and Curli Protein in Stool.

Currently, there is an increasing number of people with mild cognitive (MCI) impairment and dementia (D). In the present work we studied the role of tau protein, β-amyloid, LPS (lipopolysaccharide), and curli protein of elderly adults with MCI or D and the contribution of gut microbiota. Four groups were studied: young subjects, healthy adults older than 60 years (A), elderly adults with MCI (MCI), and elderly adults with dementia (D).

Prevalence of adiposity-based chronic disease and its association with anthropometric and clinical indices: a cross-sectional study.

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD) and its association with anthropometric indices in the Mexican population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 514 adults seen at a clinical research unit. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology/AACE/ACE criteria were used to diagnose ABCD by first identifying subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m and those with BMI of 23-24·9 kg/m and waist circumference ≥ 80 cm in women or ≥ 90 cm in men.

Effect of Phentermine on Hepatic Steatosis in Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Hepatic steatosis is associated with increased surgical complications in bariatric surgery patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of phentermine in reducing hepatic steatosis, adipose tissue, and surgical complications in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Methods: This was a two-arm, double-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial of 64 adult subjects with BMI >35 kg/m2 selected for bariatric surgery randomized into phentermine group (15 mg once daily) or placebo group for 8 weeks.

Phase angle and overhydration are associated with post-extubating dysphagia in patients with COVID-19 discharged from the ICU.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the prevalence of post-extubation dysphagia and associated factors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . Our study assessed the prevalence of post-extubation dysphagia and body composition in patients with COVID-19 discharged from an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in post-ICU extubated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID-19 in two referral hospitals.

Effect of the polymorphism (rs11548193) on plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations after dietary intervention in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are considered markers of insulin resistance (IR) in subjects with obesity. In this study, we evaluated whether the presence of the SNP of the branched-chain aminotransferase 2 () gene can modify the effect of a dietary intervention (DI) on the plasma concentration of BCAA in subjects with obesity and IR. A prospective cohort study of adult subjects with obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2·5) no diagnosed chronic disease, underwent a DI with an energy restriction of 3140 kJ/d and nutritional education for 1 month.

The capacity of differentiation of stromal vascular fraction cells into beige adipocytes is markedly reduced in subjects with overweight/obesity and insulin resistance: effect of genistein.

Background: Dietary bioactive compounds have been demonstrated to produce several health benefits. Genistein, an isoflavone of soy protein, and resveratrol, a polyphenol from grapes, have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and to stimulate white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, leading to increased energy expenditure. However, it has not been demonstrated in humans whether genistein or resveratrol have the capacity to stimulate the differentiation of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from white fat into beige adipocytes.

Effect of a dietary intervention with functional foods on LDL-C concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses in overweight subjects with hypercholesterolemia: Results of a controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global death. Hypercholesterolemia is among the main risk factors for developing cardiovascular events, and is highly prevalent in the Mexican population. The primary objective of the present work was to assess the effect of a dietary portfolio (DP) with functional foods containing dehydrated nopal, soy protein, chia seeds, inulin, and oats in LDL-C and TC concentrations of subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia.

Serum amino acid concentrations are modified by age, insulin resistance, and BCAT2 rs11548193 and BCKDH rs45500792 polymorphisms in subjects with obesity.

Background & Aims: The amino acid profile of young adults is modified by sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR). However, we do not know if age or the presence of specific polymorphisms in the genes of BCAT2 and BCKDH contribute to changes in the amino acid profile, especially in subjects with obesity. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of age, the presence of IR and the polymorphisms of BCAT2 rs11548193 and BCKDH rs45500792 on the concentration of amino acids in subjects with obesity.

Effect of the intake of dietary protein on insulin resistance in subjects with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: We compared the effect of diets with different amounts and sources of dietary protein on insulin sensitivity (IS) in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: Eighty subjects with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) and IR (Matsuda index < 4.3 and HOMA-IR ≥ 2.

β-Glucan is a major growth substrate for human gut bacteria related to Coprococcus eutactus.

A clone encoding carboxymethyl cellulase activity was isolated during functional screening of a human gut metagenomic library using Lactococcus lactis MG1363 as heterologous host. The insert carried a glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) catalytic domain with sequence similarity to a gene from Coprococcus eutactus ART55/1. Genome surveys indicated a limited distribution of GH9 domains among dominant human colonic anaerobes.

Improvement of Lipoprotein Profile and Metabolic Endotoxemia by a Lifestyle Intervention That Modifies the Gut Microbiota in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome.

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious health problem over the world; thus, the aim of the present work was to develop a lifestyle intervention to decrease the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and reduce the biochemical abnormalities of MetS. Methods and Results The prevalence of MetS was evaluated in 1065 subjects of Mexico City, Mexico, and the gut microbiota in a subsample. Subjects with MetS were selected for a pragmatic study based on a lifestyle intervention with a low-saturated-fat diet, reduced-energy intake, with functional foods and physical activity, and a second group was selected for a randomized control-placebo study to assess the gut microbiota after the dietary intervention.

Development of a Genetic Score to Predict an Increase in HDL Cholesterol Concentration After a Dietary Intervention in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Dietary intervention (DI) is a primary strategy to attenuate some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including low HDL cholesterol. There is no biomarker that can identify individuals who respond to DI by increasing HDL cholesterol.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of a genetic predisposition score (GPS) in Mexican adults with MetS to identify HDL cholesterol responders to DI.