Internalization and Cellular Fate of Protein Corona-Coated Nanoparticles by Multimodal Multi-Scale Microscopy.

Upon exposure to biological environments, nanoparticles are rapidly coated with biomolecules, predominantly proteins, which alter their colloidal stability, biodistribution, and cell interactions. Despite extensive efforts to investigate the nanoparticles' fate, only a few studies use high-resolution characterization methods that allow in-depth characterization, and the existing methodologies are unable to differentiate particles internalized at the onset of incubation from those taken up toward the end of an incubation period. In this study, these limitations related to incubation disparities are overcame and precisely monitored the spatiotemporal displacement of colloidally stable protein corona-coated nanoparticles within cells.

Pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma tumorigenesis: A proteomic analysis.

Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis of normal salivary gland tissue, pleomorphic adenoma (PA), and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), and validate the proteomic findings using immunohistochemistry.

Methods: Six normal salivary gland tissues, seven PA and seven CXPA samples underwent laser microdissection followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Protein identification and quantification were performed using MaxQuant software.

Sirtuin E deacetylase is required for full virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Aspergillus fumigatus represents a public health problem due to the high mortality rate in immunosuppressed patients and the emergence of antifungal-resistant isolates. Protein acetylation is a crucial post-translational modification that controls gene expression and biological processes. The strategic manipulation of enzymes involved in protein acetylation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for addressing fungal infections.

Mapping Conformational Changes in the Saliva Proteome Potentially Associated with Oral Cancer Aggressiveness.

Diverse proteomics-based strategies have been applied to saliva to quantitatively identify diagnostic and prognostic targets for oral cancer. Considering that these targets may be regulated by events that do not imply variation in protein abundance levels, we hypothesized that changes in protein conformation can be associated with diagnosis and prognosis, revealing biological processes and novel targets of clinical relevance. For this, we employed limited proteolysis-mass spectrometry in saliva samples to explore structural alterations, comparing the proteome of healthy control and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with and without lymph node metastasis.

Peptidomics Strategies to Evaluate Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.

Peptides have potential bioactive functions, and the peptidomics landscape has been broadly investigated for various diseases, including cancer. In this chapter, we reviewed the past four years of literature available and selected 16 peer-reviewed publications exploring peptidomics in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in cancer research. We highlighted their main aims, mass spectrometry-based peptidomics, multi-omics, data-driven and in silico strategies, functional assays, and clinical applications.

Proteomics of serum-derived extracellular vesicles are associated with the severity and different clinical profiles of patients with COVID-19: An exploratory secondary analysis.

Background Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations with the potential to progress to multiple organ dysfunction in severe cases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry a range of biological cargoes, which may be used as biomarkers of disease state.

Methods: An exploratory secondary analysis of the SARITA-2 and SARITA-1 datasets (randomized clinical trials on patients with mild and moderate/severe COVID-19) was performed.

HIV-1 Nef Changes the Proteome of T Cells Extracellular Vesicles Depleting IFITMs and Other Antiviral Factors.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biomolecule carriers for intercellular communication in health and disease. Nef is a HIV virulence factor that is released from cells within EVs and is present in plasma EVs of HIV-1 infected individuals. We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis to fully characterize the Nef-induced changes in protein composition of T cell-derived EVs and identify novel host targets of HIV.

Comprehensive Glycoprofiling of Oral Tumors Associates N-Glycosylation With Lymph Node Metastasis and Patient Survival.

While altered protein glycosylation is regarded a trait of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the heterogeneous and dynamic glycoproteome of tumor tissues from OSCC patients remain unmapped. To this end, we here employ an integrated multi-omics approach comprising unbiased and quantitative glycomics and glycoproteomics applied to a cohort of resected primary tumor tissues from OSCC patients with (n = 19) and without (n = 12) lymph node metastasis. While all tumor tissues displayed relatively uniform N-glycome profiles suggesting overall stable global N-glycosylation during disease progression, altered expression of six sialylated N-glycans was found to correlate with lymph node metastasis.

Extracellular Vesicles from Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Have Distinct Effects on Lung and Distal Organs in Experimental Sepsis.

The effects of the administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may vary according to the source. We hypothesized that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from bone marrow (BM), adipose (AD), or lung (L) tissues may also lead to different effects in sepsis. We profiled the proteome from EVs as a first step toward understanding their mechanisms of action.

New Insights into the Impact of Human Papillomavirus on Oral Cancer in Young Patients: Proteomic Approach Reveals a Novel Role for S100A8.

Unlabelled: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has recently been linked to a subset of cancers affecting the oral cavity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HPV-driven oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) onset and progression are poorly understood.

Methods: We performed MS-based proteomics profiling based on HPV status in OSCC in young patients, following biological characterization and cell assays to explore the proteome functional landscape.

Extracellular vesicles in carcinoma microenvironment.

Cancer is a significant cause of death, precluding increasing life expectancy worldwide. That is a multifactorial disease initiated by intrinsic or extrinsic factors that induce cell differentiation into cancer cells. However, cancer development, progression, and metastasis are not controlled only by cancer cells.

Salivary annexin A1: A candidate biomarker for periodontitis.

Aim: To compare the salivary proteomic profile of periodontitis-affected (PA) parents and their offspring to periodontally healthy (PH) dyads in the pursuit of possible biomarkers for early diagnosis of this disease.

Materials And Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples collected from 17 pairs of PA or PH individuals and their children were submitted to mass spectrometric analyses followed by proteomic analyses. Primary PA fibroblasts were triggered towards having an inflammatory response, and an immunoenzymatic assay of its supernatant was performed to validate the obtained data.

A meta-analysis reveals the protein profile associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.

The search for biomarkers associated with oral leukoplakia malignant transformation is critical for early diagnosis and improved prognosis of oral cancer patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess protein-based markers potentially associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Five database and the grey literature were searched.

Typic: A Practical and Robust Tool to Rank Proteotypic Peptides for Targeted Proteomics.

The selection of a suitable proteotypic peptide remains a challenge for designing a targeted quantitative proteomics assay. Although the criteria are well-established in the literature, the selection of these peptides is often performed in a subjective and time-consuming manner. Here, we have developed a practical and semiautomated workflow implemented in an open-source program named Typic.

Connecting multiple microenvironment proteomes uncovers the biology in head and neck cancer.

The poor prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with metastasis within the lymph nodes (LNs). Herein, the proteome of 140 multisite samples from a 59-HNC patient cohort, including primary and matched LN-negative or -positive tissues, saliva, and blood cells, reveals insights into the biology and potential metastasis biomarkers that may assist in clinical decision-making. Protein profiles are strictly associated with immune modulation across datasets, and this provides the basis for investigating immune markers associated with metastasis.

Oxidative cleavage of polysaccharides by a termite-derived boosts the degradation of biomass by glycoside hydrolases.

Wood-feeding termites effectively degrade plant biomass through enzymatic degradation. Despite their high efficiencies, however, individual glycoside hydrolases isolated from termites and their symbionts exhibit anomalously low effectiveness in lignocellulose degradation, suggesting hereto unknown enzymatic activities in their digestome. Herein, we demonstrate that an ancient redox-active enzyme encoded by the lower termite , a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), plays a previously unknown role in plant biomass degradation.

Protein markers of primary salivary gland tumors: A systematic review of proteomic profiling studies.

Objective: To integrate all the available data published in the English literature regarding the protein diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in salivary gland tumors identified by mass spectrometry (MS)-based discovery proteomics.

Design: An extensive search was carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Manual searching in Google Scholar and assessment of the reference list of the included articles also was performed.

Follistatin-related protein 1 interacting partner of Syndecan-1 promotes an aggressive phenotype on Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) models.

Syndecans belong to the family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans and are associated with many physiopathological processes, including oral cancer. As previously shown soluble syndecan-1 (SDC1) fragments and synthetic SDC1 peptide were able to induce cell migration in oral cancer cell lines. In order to explore the role of SDC1 in oral cancer, we have investigated SDC1 interacting partners and its functional role in oral cancer models.

Discovery proteomics reveals potential protein signature associated with malignant phenotype acquisition in pleomorphic adenoma.

Objective: To analyze the proteomic profile of salivary pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) samples and correlate them with the malignant transformation of the PA.

Materials And Methods: Thirty samples (10 PA, 16 CXPA, and 4 residual PA) were microdissected and submitted to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proteomic data and protein identification were analyzed through LC-MS/MS spectra using the MaxQuant software.

CD30-Positive Extracellular Vesicles Enable the Targeting of CD30-Negative DLBCL Cells by the CD30 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Brentuximab Vedotin.

CD30, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is selectively expressed on a subset of activated lymphocytes and on malignant cells of certain lymphomas, such as classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), where it activates critical bystander cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is not surprising that the CD30 antibody-drug conjugate Brentuximab Vedotin (BV) represents a powerful, FDA-approved treatment option for CD30 hematological malignancies. However, BV also exerts a strong anti-cancer efficacy in many cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with poor CD30 expression, even when lacking detectable CD30 tumor cells.

A Reductionist Approach Using Primary and Metastatic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Hub Proteins Associated with Oral Cancer Prognosis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has high mortality rates that are largely associated with lymph node metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive OSCC metastasis are unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles that play a role in intercellular communication and impact cancer development and progression.

Epigenetic modulation of the tumor microenvironment in head and neck cancer: Challenges and opportunities.

Head and neck cancer is globally challenging due to the resistance to therapy and aggressive behavior leading to high rates of mortality. Recent findings show that the tumor microenvironment plays a role in the maintenance and progression of many solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. The mechanisms involved in the modulation and regulation of the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood.