Overview of glycoconjugate analysis.

Whereas DNA, RNA, and proteins are linear polymers that can usually be directly sequenced, glycans show substantially more complexity, having branching and anomeric configurations (alpha and beta linkages). The biosynthesis of glycans, termed glycosylation, is extremely complex, is not template-driven, varies among different cell types, and cannot be easily predicted from simple rules. This overview discusses the stereochemistry of monosaccharides and glycans and provides diagrammatic representations of monosaccharides (Fisher projections and Haworth representations) and formulas for representation of glycan chains.

Metabolic profiling of normal and hypertensive rat kidney tissues by hrMAS-NMR spectroscopy.

Intact kidney tissue samples of normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were analyzed by hrMAS-NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA). Radial components (cortex, outer stripe of the outer medulla, inner stripe of the outer medulla, and papilla) were sampled from various regions across the kidney from multiple animals in order to establish inter- and intra-animal variability. The effects of temperature were also measured.