Use of multiplex PCR in pleural effusion: is it necessary to change the paradigm of culture-based methods?

The microbiological diagnosis of pleural effusion is based largely on classical microbiology methods, but these methods have a high rate of false negative results. Some previous studies have shown improved diagnostic performance for pathogens such as using molecular biology methods. We present the use of a multiplex PCR platform (BIOFIRE FILMARRAY Pneumonia Panel) for the aetiological diagnosis of pleural effusion in paediatric pneumonia.