SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a healthcare professional in inner Sao Paulo during the first wave of COVID-19 in Brazil.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic remains a threat to public health. We report 2 cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection in the same healthcare professional in Brazil. Genomic analysis identified that primoinfection was caused by the endemic lineage B.

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: report of two cases in Southeast Brazil.

From February 26, 2020 to March 11, 2021, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in 11,439,558 cases and 277,102 deaths in Brazil. Among them, 2,195,130 cases and 63,965 deaths occurred in Sao Paulo State, Southeast Brazil. The recent emergence and rise of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 is of concern because of their higher transmissibility and possible association with more severe disease.

Validation and applicability of an alternative method for dialysis water and dialysate quality analysis.

Introduction: In hemodialysis, patients are exposed to a large volume of water, which may lead to fatal risks if not meeting quality standards. This study aimed to validate an alternative method for monitoring microbiological quality of treated water and assess its applicability in dialysis and dialysate analysis, to allow corrective actions in real-time.

Methods: Validation and applicability were analyzed by conventional and alternative methods.

Effectiveness of the monitoring program for ensuring the quality of water treated for dialysis in the state of São Paulo.

Introduction: Chronic kidney failure is a disease that affects the functions of the kidneys and can cause irreversible kidney failure over time. Among the main factors that cause this disease are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The number of patients presenting this clinical condition has been increasing in Brazil, leading to an increase in renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis.

Performance Survey and Comparison Between Rapid Sterility Testing Method and Pharmacopoeia Sterility Test.

The sterility test described in pharmacopoeial compendia requires a 14-day incubation period to obtain a valid analytical result. Therefore, the use of alternative methods to evaluate the sterility of pharmaceuticals, such as the BacT/Alert® 3D system, is particularly interesting, because it allows a reduced incubation period and lower associated costs. Considering that the BacT/Alert® 3D system offers several culture media formulations developed for this microbial detection system, the present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of BacT/Alert® 3D with the pharmacopoeial sterility test.

Application of the BacT/ALERTR 3D system for sterility testing of injectable products.

Sterility testing as described in the pharmacopoeia compendia requires a 14-day incubation period to obtain an analytical result. Alternative methods that could be applied to evaluating product sterility are especially interesting due to the possibility of reducing this incubation period and thus the associated costs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance of the BacT/ALERT(R) 3D system in detecting microorganisms in large-volume parenteral solutions that were intentionally contaminated and to compare this system to pharmacopoeia sterility testing using the membrane filtration method.

Informal Trade of Psychoactive Herbal Products in the City of Diadema, SP, Brazil: Quality and Potential Risks.

The present study aimed to assess the quality and risks involved in the consumption of psychoactive herbal products (PHs) that are available through informal commerce in the city of Diadema, SP, Brazil. Methods of ethnography were used to conduct the fieldwork during which four dealers were selected to record the collection, handling, packaging, types of PHs marketed, and their therapeutic purposes. In addition, lots of the PHs selected were purchased from the dealers and analyzed using microbiology and pharmacognosy techniques.

Enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria in water for dialysis: Comparison of the efficiency of reasoner'2 agar and plate count agar.

Due to the fact the incubation conditions may influence the microbiological evaluation of water for dialysis, the objective of the present study was the comparison of the efficiency of R2A and PCA media in the enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria in 193 samples of water collected in dialysis clinics from 12 cities in São Paulo, between October and December 2007. Results showed counts significantly greater in R2A, suggesting that enumeration should be carried out in R2A, suggesting that enumeration should be carried out in R2A agar associated with longer incubation times, because of the greater sensitivity.

The influence of incubation conditions in sterility tests.

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of media, incubation temperature and duration on the detection of bacteria and fungal growth using British, United States and Brazilian compendial sterility test methods. 5 to 50 CFU of nine different microorganisms (including both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria and molds) were used to contaminate test units containing various growth media (sobean-casein digest, thioglycollate, Sabourand and Causen broths). Test units were incubated at temperatures ranging from 12 to 42 degrees C for 1 to 28 days.