First report of Cassava Bacterial Blight caused by pv. in the Amazonian forest of Ecuador.

pv. () is a plant pathogenic bacterium known as the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight (CBB). CBB is the most limiting bacterial disease affecting cassava ( Crantz), characterized by diverse symptoms including angular water-soaked leaf lesions, blight, wilting, stem exudates, stem cankers and dieback.

A minisatellite-based MLVA for deciphering the global epidemiology of the bacterial cassava pathogen Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis.

Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB) is a destructive disease widely distributed in the different areas where this crop is grown. Populations studies have been performed at local and national scales revealing a geographical genetic structure with temporal variations. A global epidemiology analysis of its causal agent Xanthomonas phaseoli pv.

CRISPRi in Xanthomonas demonstrates functional convergence of transcription activator-like effectors in two divergent pathogens.

Functional analysis of large gene families in plant pathogens can be cumbersome using classical insertional mutagenesis. Additionally, Cas9 toxicity has limited the application of CRISPR-Cas9 for directed mutagenesis in bacteria. Here, we successfully applied a CRISPR interference strategy to investigate the cryptic role of the transcription activator-like effector (tale) multigene family in several plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas bacterial species, owing to their contribution to pathogen virulence.

Multicenter international assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP test for point of care clinical application.

Continued waves, new variants, and limited vaccine deployment mean that SARS-CoV-2 tests remain vital to constrain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Affordable, point-of-care (PoC) tests allow rapid screening in non-medical settings. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is an appealing approach.

Complete Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. SB80, a Race 4 Strain Isolated from White Head Cabbage in Turkey.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the race 4 strain Xanthomonas campestris pv. SB80, which was isolated from a symptomatic white head cabbage leaf in Samsun Province, Turkey, in 2019. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (5,129,762 bp) with a G+C content of 64.

Top-Down Enrichment Strategy to Co-cultivate Lactic Acid and Lignocellulolytic Bacteria From the Phyllosphere.

Traditionally, starting inoculants have been applied to improve ensiling of forage used for livestock feed. Here, we aimed to build up a bioinoculant composed of lactic acid-producing and lignocellulolytic bacteria (LB) derived from the (guinea grass) phyllosphere. For this, the dilution-to-stimulation approach was used, including a sequential modification of the starting culture medium [Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth] by addition of plant biomass (PB) and elimination of labile carbon sources.

Comprehensive Time-Series Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile in a Susceptible Cultivar of Tree Tomato () During the Infection of .

is a tree from the Andean region bearing edible fruits, considered an exotic export. Although there has been renewed interest in its commercialization, sustainability, and disease management have been limiting factors. is a recently described species that causes late blight in .

A whole genome duplication drives the genome evolution of Phytophthora betacei, a closely related species to Phytophthora infestans.

Background: Pathogens of the genus Phytophthora are the etiological agents of many devastating diseases in several high-value crops and forestry species such as potato, tomato, cocoa, and oak, among many others. Phytophthora betacei is a recently described species that causes late blight almost exclusively in tree tomatoes, and it is closely related to Phytophthora infestans that causes the disease in potato crops and other Solanaceae. This study reports the assembly and annotation of the genomes of P.

Cassava diseases caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis and Xanthomonas cassavae.

Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) and X. cassavae (Xc) are two bacterial pathogens attacking cassava.

TAL Effector Repertoires of Strains of pv. in Commercial Cassava Crops Reveal High Diversity at the Country Scale.

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) play a significant role for pathogenesis in several xanthomonad pathosystems. pv. (), the causal agent of Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), uses TALEs to manipulate host metabolism.

The type VI secretion system of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis is involved in virulence and in vitro motility.

Background: The type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important in diverse cellular processes in Gram-negative bacteria, including interactions with other bacteria and with eukaryotic hosts. In this study we analyze the evolution of the T6SS in the genus Xanthomonas and evaluate its importance of the T6SS for virulence and in vitro motility in Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), the causal agent of bacterial blight in cassava (Manihot esculenta).

Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of pv. : An Approach to Elucidate Pathogenicity at the Metabolic Level.

pv. () is the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight, the most important bacterial disease in this crop. There is a paucity of knowledge about the metabolism of and its relevance in the pathogenic process, with the exception of the elucidation of the xanthan biosynthesis route.

Effector Repertoire of : In Search of Possible Virulence Factors Responsible for Its Host Specificity.

is an oomycete plant pathogen closely related to It infects tree tomato () in northern South America, but is, under natural conditions, unable to infect potatoes or tomatoes, the main hosts of its sister species . We characterized, and compared the effector repertoires of and other species. To this end, we used approaches to predict and describe the repertoire of secreted proteins in species and determine unique and core effectors.

An Optimized Microsatellite Scheme for Assessing Populations pv. .

Diverse molecular markers have been used to analyze the genetic diversity of plant pathogens. Compared with traditional fingerprinting methods, multiple loci variable number of tandem repeat analyses (MLVAs) have gained importance recently due to their reproducibility, high discriminatory power, ease of performance, low cost, and throughput potential. These characteristics are desirable for continuous pathogen monitoring, especially for pathogens with relatively low genetic diversity, and for disease epidemiology studies.

Variations in carotenoid content and acyl chain composition in exponential, stationary and biofilm states of Staphylococcus aureus, and their influence on membrane biophysical properties.

Bacteria are often found in close association with surfaces, resulting in the formation of biofilms. In Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), biofilms are implicated in the resilience of chronic infections, presenting a serious clinical problem world-wide.

Network Analyses in Plant Pathogens.

Even in the age of big data in Biology, studying the connections between the biological processes and the molecular mechanisms behind them is a challenging task. Systems biology arose as a transversal discipline between biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics, and physics to facilitate the elucidation of such connections. A scenario, where the application of systems biology constitutes a very powerful tool, is the study of interactions between hosts and pathogens using network approaches.

The role of type III effectors from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in virulence and suppression of plant immunity.

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) causes cassava bacterial blight, the most important bacterial disease of cassava. Xam, like other Xanthomonas species, requires type III effectors (T3Es) for maximal virulence.

Fragility of the provision of local public goods to private and collective risks.

Smallholder agricultural systems, strongly dependent on water resources and investments in shared infrastructure, make a significant contribution to food security in developing countries. These communities are being increasingly integrated into the global economy and are exposed to new global climate-related risks that may affect their willingness to cooperate in community-level collective action problems. We performed field experiments on public goods with private and collective risks in 118 small-scale rice-producing communities in four countries.

A genetic map of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with integrated physical mapping of immunity-related genes.

Background: Cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, is one of the most important crops world-wide representing the staple security for more than one billion of people. The development of dense genetic and physical maps, as the basis for implementing genetic and molecular approaches to accelerate the rate of genetic gains in breeding program represents a significant challenge. A reference genome sequence for cassava has been made recently available and community efforts are underway for improving its quality.

Sebaceous gland carcinoma and mammary gland carcinoma in an African hedgehog (Ateletrix albiventris).

A sebaceous carcinoma was diagnosed, together with a mammary carcinoma, in an adult African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). The first neoplasm was located in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck and extended towards the axillary area of the chest. The second was located in the subcutaneous left caudal abdominal region.

RNAseq analysis of cassava reveals similar plant responses upon infection with pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis.

An RNAseq-based analysis of the cassava plants inoculated with Xam allowed the identification of transcriptional upregulation of genes involved in jasmonate metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and putative targets for a TALE. Cassava bacterial blight, a disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is a major limitation to cassava production worldwide and especially in developing countries.

Population typing of the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight in the Eastern Plains of Colombia using two types of molecular markers.

Background: Molecular typing of pathogen populations is an important tool for the development of effective strategies for disease control. Diverse molecular markers have been used to characterize populations of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), the main bacterial pathogen of cassava.

A complex population structure of the cassava pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in recent years in the Caribbean Region of Colombia.

Cassava bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is the most important bacterial disease affecting this crop. A continuous surveillance of the pathogen population dynamics is required to develop an efficient disease management program.

De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans.

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of the tomato and potato late blight, generates important economic and environmental losses worldwide. As current control strategies are becoming less effective, there is a need for studies on oomycete metabolism to help identify promising and more effective targets for chemical control. The pyrimidine pathways are attractive metabolic targets to combat tumors, virus and parasitic diseases but have not yet been studied in Phytophthora.