Discussion on cervical cytology in postmenopausal women.

Background: Considering the cervix at the climacteric period, important changes take place in the morphology of the epithelium and stroma due to hypoestrogenism. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the presence of transformation zone cells in the cervix of premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods: In a private laboratory in São Paulo (Brazil) a retrospective analysis of cervical cytology results was performed.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae prevalence in females in São Paulo, Brazil: surveillance of the infection over a 11-year period.

Objectives: The prevalence of infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the second highest among bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It can lead to severe complications, especially in the female reproductive system. So, the objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in a large population of female patients from a private health service in São Paulo (Brazil), thereby identifying the main age groups affected by the agent and how prevalence progressed over time.

Evaluation of 1,030,482 Cervical Smear Results in Brazilian Population.

Background: The objective was to determine the prevalence of abnormal cytologic smears in a large population of a Brazilian city.

Methods: Retrospective study of cervical cytology results performed at a private laboratory in São Paulo - Brazil. A total of 1,030,482 cytology tests were performed between January 2010 and December 2015.

Diagnosis and treatment of infectious vaginitis: Proposal for a new algorithm.

Background: Vaginitis is the most common gynecologic diagnosis in primary care, and most women have at least one episode during their lives. The need for standardized strategies to diagnose and treat vaginitis, both in primary care and among gynecologists, is emphasized. The Brazilian Group for Vaginal Infections (GBIV, acronym in Portuguese) aimed to update the practical approach to affected women by reviewing and discussing recent literature, and developing algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis.

Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in females in São Paulo, Brazil: 11 years' surveillance of the infection.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial disease worldwide whose greatest impact is on the female reproductive system. The objective was to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia infection in a large population of female patients from a private health service in São Paulo (Brazil), identifying the main age groups affected by the agent and the evolution of the prevalence.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the results of all molecular biology tests.

Cervical Cancer Screening of Adolescents and Young Women: Further Evidence Shows a Lack of Clinical Value.

Study Objective: To assess the prevalence of cytological abnormalities among young people from a large population in the city of São Paulo (Brazil).

Design: Retrospective, observational analysis of data from the institution's data processing center.

Setting: A private laboratory in São Paulo (Brazil).

Detection of transformation zone cells in liquid-based cytology and its comparison with conventional smears.

Background: To compare the differences between liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional cytology in respect of the detection of transformation zone cells (TZC) by age group and to assess test performance by correlating results with cytological abnormalities.

Methods: A retrospective study assessing the results of cervical-vaginal cytology smears collected at a private laboratory in São Paulo (Brazil) between January 2010 and December 2015.

Results: A total of 1 030 482 cytology tests were performed; of these, 3811 (0.

Aspects of Langerhans cells and TNF-α in the cutaneous immunity of anogenital warts.

Background: Anogenital warts are the leading sexually transmitted infection in patients seeking care at specialized clinics. They may display a vast array of forms, according to the interaction of the virus with the host's immunity. Cellular immunity is the epithelium's main form of defense against the virus, involving an active participation of the Langerhans cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α.

Vulvar melanoma: relevant aspects in therapeutic management.

Cancer of the vulva accounts for at least 1% of malignant neoplasms among women. Although rare, vulvar melanoma is the second most common histological type of vulvar cancer, representing 7-10% of all malignant vulvar neoplasms. Initial symptoms are non-specific and complete excision of the lesion is indicated in cases with suspected diagnosis.

Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva: diagnosis and treatment.

Vulvar cancer accounts for less than 1% of malignancies in women. Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva is a rare histological variation, comprising less than 1% of vulvar cancer cases. Although it is characterized as being locally invasive, the condition is not associated with metastatic spreading.

Cervical Cancer Screening of Adolescents Should Not Be Encouraged.

Objective: The study aims to assess the frequency of cytological abnormalities in adolescents and young women, to establish the optimum age to start screening.

Methods: A retrospective study of cervical cytology results were obtained from the data center at the Santa Casa Hospital of São Paulo between January 2006 and December 2014, adopting the Bethesda nomenclature system. The cytology exams were divided into 3 groups: group 1-adolescents (10-19 years old); group 2-young women (20-24 years old); and group 3-adults, comprising the remaining cytology exams.

Porokeratosis ptychotropica: a rare manifestation with typical histological exam.

Porokeratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinization characterized clinically by a distinctive ridge-like border, and histologically by cornoid lamellae. The known clinical variants of porokeratosis are: classic porokeratosis of Mibelli, disseminated superficial (actinic) porokeratosis (DSAP), porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, linear porokeratosis and punctate porokeratosis. In 1995, a seventh form was described as porokeratosis ptychotropica: a verrucous form resembling psoriasis involving the gluteal cleft presenting on the histological exam multiple cornoid lamellae.

Prevalence of High-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Patients with Cytology Presenting Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of histological high-grade lesions and cervical cancer in patients with ASCUS cytology.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study involving 703 women with a uterus and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). The patients were submitted to a colposcopy and underwent a guided biopsy when changes on the colposcopy were detected.

Apoptosis Phenomena in Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Adenocarcinomas of the Uterine Cervix.

To investigate the relationship between apoptosis and histologic types in invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The present study involved the assessment of surgical specimens from 74 women with cervical carcinomas FIGO stage IB1 (54 squamous cell carcinomas and 20 adenocarcinomas). The study samples were obtained from selected paraffin blocks containing specimens from patients submitted to surgical procedures.

Prognostic value of p16(INK4a) as a marker of clinical evolution in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) treated by cervical conization.

The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of p16(INK4a) as a marker of post-conization relapse in patients treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3). A retrospective study of 76 women with CIN 3 diagnoses, treated at the Hospital of Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Paulo (Brazil) between January 2003 and September 2004, was performed. The study samples were obtained from cervical conization procedures, where paraffin blocks containing areas with the greatest amount of neoplastic tissue were selected.

Post-cervical conization outcomes in patients with high-grade intraepithelial lesions.

To investigate the rates of residual, recurrent and invasive disease after cervical conization in patients diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2/3. A retrospective study was conducted with 274 patients undergoing cervical conization due to diagnosis of CIN 2/3. Cervical conization was done through the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) and Cold Knife Conization.

Adverse Psychosexual Impact Related to the Treatment of Genital Warts and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Objective. To compare the psychosexual impact related to the treatment of genital warts and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women. Methods.

Differential expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial polyps and adjacent endometrium in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the immunoexpression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in gland and stromal cells of endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women.

Study Design: Thirty postmenopausal patients underwent operative hysteroscopies because of benign endometrial polyps. The polyps were identified and subsequently completely removed.

Interval cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer: Santa Casa São Paulo experience.

Objective: To analyze the interval cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out with 25 patients with advanced ovarian cancer (stages IIIC or IV) who underwent interval cytoreduction. Nonresectability criteria were based on the ones from Gustave-Rousy Institute.

The effect of cigarette smoking on cell proliferation in normal uterine cervix epithelium.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on cell proliferation in normal cervical epithelium.

Methods: A total of 45 women undergoing hysterectomies due to uterine leiomyomata were investigated. Thirty were nonsmokers and 15 were current smokers.

The effect of cigarette smoking on cervical langerhans cells and T and B lymphocytes in normal uterine cervix epithelium.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on intraepithelial Langerhans cells and T and B lymphocytes in normal cervical epithelium. A total of 47 women who underwent hysterectomies because of uterine leiomyomata were investigated. Thirty-two individuals were nonsmokers and 15 were current smokers.

Effectiveness of imiquimod 5% cream for treatment of extensive anogenital warts in a seven-year-old child.

Conventional treatment options for anogenital warts in prepubertal children rely on chemical and physical destruction methods that can be difficult and painful and frequently require the use of general anesthesia. Other approaches include the use of immunotherapies, as topical imiquimod and intralesional or systemic interferon. We report a 7-year-old girl with extensive anogenital warts who was successfully treated with topical 5% imiquimod cream.