Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Actual and Future Perspectives.

Biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) are of great interest in the current literature due to improvements in techniques such as liquid biopsy and next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, screening methods vary globally, with multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) predominantly used in the USA and, more recently, the Cologuard Plus; biomarkers such as the Galectins family and septins show promise in early detection. Gut microbiome assessments, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, are under intense exploration.

Metastatic Nodular Melanoma with Angiosarcomatous Transdifferentiation-A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Diagnosing cutaneous melanomas relies mainly on histopathological analysis, which, in selected cases, can be aided by immunohistochemical evaluation of conventional melanocytic markers. Nevertheless, these malignancies, particularly in metastatic settings, may display divergent differentiation with unusual histological and immunohistochemical features. In this context, we present the case of a 65-year-old male diagnosed with typical superficial spreading melanoma who developed recurrence and metastatic lesions featuring angiosarcomatous differentiation.

Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Unraveled: Investigating Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Markers for Tailored Diagnosis and Therapeutic Innovations.

Liposarcomas are some of the most challenging soft tissue tumors and are subclassified into multiple subtypes with special histologic and molecular features. The peculiarities of each histopathological subtype influence the clinical behavior, management, and treatment of these neoplasms. For instance, well-differentiated liposarcomas are common soft tissue malignancies and usually display a favorable outcome.

An Extensive Study Regarding the Microscopic Anatomy of the Early Fetal Human Optic Nerve.

The development of the optic nerve and its surrounding tissues during the early fetal period is a convoluted period because it spans both the organogenesis period and the fetal period. This study details the microscopic anatomy and histoembryology of the optic nerve in embryos during the early fetal period, including the second half of the first trimester of pregnancy. Serial sections through the orbit of variously aged embryos allowed us to analyze the nerve in both longitudinal and transverse aspects.

The Impact of Clinical and Histopathological Factors on Disease Progression and Survival in Thick Cutaneous Melanomas.

Thick cutaneous melanomas (Breslow depth > 4 mm) are locally advanced tumors, generally associated with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, these tumors sometimes display unpredictable behavior. This study aims to analyze clinical and histopathological features that can influence the prognosis of thick melanomas.

Unraveling the Intricate Link: Deciphering the Role of the Golgi Apparatus in Breast Cancer Progression.

Breast cancer represents a paramount global health challenge, warranting intensified exploration of the molecular underpinnings influencing its progression to facilitate the development of precise diagnostic instruments and customized therapeutic regimens. Historically, the Golgi apparatus has been acknowledged for its primary role in protein sorting and trafficking within cellular contexts. However, recent findings suggest a potential link between modifications in Golgi apparatus function and organization and the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

The Polyvalent Role of CD30 for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

CD30, also known as TNFRSF8 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8), is a protein receptor that is heavily glycosylated inside the Golgi apparatus, as well as a tumor marker that is found on the surface of specific cells in the body, including certain immune cells and cancer ones. This review aims to shed light on the critical importance of CD30, from its emergence in the cell to its position in diagnosing various diseases, including Hodgkin lymphoma, where it is expressed on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells, as well as embryonal carcinoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In addition to its role in positive diagnosis, targeting CD30 has been a promising approach treating CD30-positive lymphomas, and there is ongoing research into the potential use of CD30-targeted therapies for autoimmune disorders.

Primary Undifferentiated/Dedifferentiated Cutaneous Melanomas-A Review on Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features with Emphasis on Prognosis and Treatment.

Diagnosing cutaneous melanoma is usually straightforward based on these malignancies' histopathological and immunohistochemical features. Nevertheless, melanomas can imitate various other neoplasms, sometimes lacking the expression of conventional melanocytic markers and expressing non-melanocytic ones. Furthermore, divergent differentiation is more often encountered in metastatic melanomas and is still poorly described in primary cutaneous melanomas, and little is known about these patients' prognosis and therapeutic approach.

The Conundrum of Dedifferentiation in a Liposarcoma at a Peculiar Location: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the deep soft tissue of the lower extremities is an infrequent finding. Myxoid liposarcoma is considered the most common soft tissue neoplasia arising in this anatomic region. Divergent differentiation usually occurs within well-differentiated liposarcoma and is exceedingly rare in a myxoid liposarcoma.

Management of Capillary Hemangioma of the Sphenoid Sinus.

Capillary hemangiomas are rare, benign vascular tumors that mainly affect the skin and soft tissue, with scarce appearance within the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. We present a case report of capillary hemangioma of the sphenoid sinus and a review of the literature in the last ten years. Clinical and endoscopic examination of the nose, radiologic assessment and particular histologic features contribute to the correct diagnosis of capillary hemangioma of the nose and paranasal sinuses.

A rare case of placental mesenchymal dysplasia - case report and literature review.

Described as a rare anomaly of the placenta, with a reported incidence of 0.02%, mesenchymal dysplasia is a benign condition characterized by placentomegaly, grape-like vesicles and by microscopic features resembling those of a molar pregnancy, such as hydropic villi, cistern formation and dysplastic blood vessels. We report a rare case of placental mesenchymal dysplasia diagnosed in a pregnancy with early symmetric fetal intrauterine growth restriction and a normal karyotype.

Assessment of clinical and pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal adenocarcinoma and its therapeutic implications.

Because almost one fourth of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (RC) achieve pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT), having significantly higher survival rates than those without pCR, the assessment of pCR represents a highly important challenge nowadays. Moreover, recent studies revealed that organ-sparing approaches could represent a reasonable alternative to radical surgery (RS) in patients with pCR, achieving similar long-term outcomes with lower morbidity rates and improved quality of life. Unfortunately, the decision of a rectum-sparing approach should be based only on clinical, endoscopic (with or without biopsy) and radiological methods, that must accurately predict the pCR after neoadjuvant CRT, in the absence of the pathological examination of the RS specimen.

Attitude of the surgical approach in hyperparathyroidism: A retrospective study.

The present study constitutes a retrospective study for patients with hyperparathyroidism surgically operated on at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Central Military Emergency University Hospital 'Dr. Carol Davila', Bucharest, Romania (SUUMC), over a period of 6 years. The study aimed to elucidate the diagnostic and surgical attitude for an effective treatment, practiced at SUUMC, Romania.

Proximal humerus chondrosarcoma in a young male patient.

Proximal humerus chondrosarcoma is a rare localization of the common primary malignant cartilaginous tumor. Management is based on oncological surgical excision because of the inherent resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The most important prognostic factors with great impact on treatment strategy are histological grading and localization of the tumor.

Squamous metaplasia within a sigmoid adenoma. A rare feature.

Squamous metaplasia occurring within a colorectal polyp is a rare finding, having a reported incidence of approximately 0.44%. The origin of the squamous cells in this type of setting is uncertain (mechanical irritation and chronic inflammation are potential predisposing factors).

A Screening Test for Early Diagnosis of Microcellular Bronchopulmonary Cancer-Pilot Study.

Introduction: According to WHO, in worldwide cancer mortality statistics, the first place is occupied by bronchopulmonary cancer. This reason has led us to carry out the present pilot study, was with the participation of the Clinics of Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest in order to apply a technique developed earlier by Stefan-van Staden, for early detection of this type of cancer, initiate a personalized diagnosis, and implicitly apply a personalized treatment in order to increase the life expectancy among these patients. In recent years, there has been a tendency to find fast non-invasive screening methods for the early diagnosis of cancer.

Histology of Male Breast Lesions. Series of Cases and Literature Review.

Background: Breast carcinoma is the most important cause of death in women's oncologic pathology worldwide. Due to its high frequency, important advances in diagnostic and management of this entity were made. Because of its rarity (only 0.

Immunohistochemical mismatch in a case of rhabdomyoblastic metastatic melanoma.

Melanomas can exhibit a wide range of unusual morphologies due to the neural crest origin of melanocytes. Several authors have documented variations in size and shape of cells, cytoplasmic features and inclusions, nuclear features and cell architecture. Metastatic melanoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation is an extremely rare condition with poor prognosis.

Cutaneous microcystic/reticular schwannoma: case report and literature review of an exceedingly rare entity with an unusual presentation.

Conventional schwannoma represents a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor derived from Schwann cells, which usually arises in the fourth or fifth decade of life, in the subcutaneous tissue of the distal extremities, or in the head and neck region of adult patients, with no gender predilection. In addition to the classic type, at least 11 different histopathological subtypes have been described and unawareness of these uncommon histopathological entities may lead to diagnostic pitfalls and risk of mistreatment. Recently described in the scientific literature, microcystic/reticular schwannoma is still relatively unknown to both surgeons and pathologists.

Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum: an unusual clinical and histopathological diagnostic pitfall.

Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum (KCM) is a very rare variant of keratoacanthoma characterized by progressive peripheral growth accompanied by central healing. The tumor has the peculiar ability to involute spontaneously. A careful differential diagnostic with other skin carcinomas or hyperkeratotic lesions is required in order to ensure appropriate clinical management.

Body stalk anomaly in a monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy - case report and review of the literature.

Body stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare abdominal defect, generally considered to be lethal. Reported prevalence ranges from 0.4 to 3.

Expression of Bcl-2, Melan A and HMB-45 in Dysplastic Nevi.

Background: From the first recognition of dysplastic nevi as a pathology per se, many debates have been raised and many histological and immunohistological studies have been conducted in order to establish the true significance of these lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish if there is a correlation between HMB-45, Melan A and Bcl-2 expression and the grade of dysplasia, as well as between the marker's staining patterns.

Material And Methods: Ten dysplastic nevi from six female patients were selected and their histological features (size, dysplasia), as well as the immunohistological staining patterns, were studied (HMB-45, Melan A, Bcl-2).

A challenging case of ocular melanoma.

Ocular melanoma is a rare malignancy found in clinical practice. In this paper, we present a case of highly aggressive ocular melanoma, which was surgically removed at the Department of Ophthalmology and diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, using conventional histopathological techniques. Uveal melanoma, a subset of ocular melanoma, has a distinct behavior in comparison to cutaneous melanoma and has a widely divergent prognosis.

Disseminated CMV and Tuberculosis Infection with Osseous Metaplasia in a Presumable Crohn's Patient: Case Report.

Associations of different pathologies are not uncommon in every day practice, but association of disseminated infections like cytomegalovirus infection and tuberculosis are quite rare and hard to diagnose. Both are infections which appear frequently in immunocompromised patients and have unfavorable prognosis. We present a case of a 62 year old male with a history of Crohn's disease and tuberculosis which presented with symptoms of relapse and infection.