[Acute respiratory distress from ingestion of glitter powder in a 15-month-old child: an endoscopic emergency].

Glitter is a powdered copper pigment frequently used in craft and decorative activities especially in schools and kindergartens. Ingestion or inhalation of this substance can cause acute, potentially fatal copper poisoning in children. We describe a case of a 15-month-old child with copper poisoning, presenting with acute respiratory distress, neurological impairment, and hemolytic anemia.

[Aspiration syndrome due to laryngeal cleft in an infant].

Aspiration is the passage of food content and endogenous secretions into the airway. Anatomical, neuromuscular or functional anomalies are among the major causes. The laryngeal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of aspiration syndrome in neonates and infants.

[Treatment of acquired laryngeal stenosis in pediatrics: case series].

Subglottic stenosis is one of the most common causes of upper airway obstruction in children. Even though it may have a congenital origin, most of them are acquired stenosis. This condition should be suspected in any child with a history of intubation, instrumentation or trauma of the airway that is having difficulty breathing.

[Dysphonia in children due to congenital laryngeal web. Case series].

Dysphonia is common in children. Its main cause is the abuse or misuse of the voice. Congenital, neoplastic, infectious, neurological or iatrogenic causes are less frequent.

Post-intubation subglottic stenosis in children. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of moderate and severe stenosis.

Introduction And Objectives: Subglottic stenosis is one of the most common causes of upper airway obstruction. Almost 90% of them result from endotracheal intubation. Therapy depends on the degree of stenosis, among other factors.

[Congenital saccular cyst of the larynx: a rare cause of stridor in neonates and infants].

Stridor is a noise caused by the passage of turbulent air through a diminished airway caliber. Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital anomaly of the larynx and the principal cause of stridor in children under 6 months. A less common etiology of stridor and respiratory distress in newborns and infants is congenital laryngeal saccular cyst.

[Vascular rings: airway obstruction in children. Case series].

In children, extrinsic compression of the trachea is usually due to vascular origin, and less frequently caused by tumors, heart diseases, cysts and abscesses. Vascular rings are congenital anomalies of the aortic arch and its branches that compress the trachea and/or esophagus to varying degrees. Although these congenital anomalies are not frequent, they constitute a major cause of respiratory distress in children.

[Septal perforation in children due to button battery lodged in the nose: case series].

Nasal foreign bodies are common in children. Button batteries deserve particular interest due to the severity and precocity of the injuries they cause. The button battery represents a growing danger.

[Laryngeal cancer in children: case report].

Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is very rare in children and adolescents. It is usually diagnosed at late stages because early symptoms are often attributed to the maturation process or other common laryngeal pediatric diseases. Early visualization of vocal cords with fexible laryngoscopy is important in children presenting suggestive symptoms of laryngeal pathology.

[Congenital nasal obstruction due to choanal atresia: case series].

Nasal obstruction in neonates is a potential fatal condition because of their exclusive nasal breathing. The most common congenital causes include choanal atresia, dermoid cyst, glioma and encephalocele. Choanal atresia is the most common congenital nasal anomaly.

Management of foreign bodies in the airway and oesophagus.

Background: Ingestion and/or aspiration of foreign bodies (FB) are avoidable incidents. Children between 1 and 3 years are common victims for many reasons: exploration of the environment through the mouth, lack of molars which decreases their ability to properly chew food, lack of cognitive capacity to distinguish between edible and inedible objects, and tendency to distraction and to perform other activities, like playing, whilst eating. Most FBs are expelled spontaneously, but a significant percentage impacts the upper aerodigestive tract.

[Unilateral nasal obstruction in children: Pai syndrome].

Unilateral obstruction of the nasal cavity in children is mainly caused by the introduction of foreign bodies further stated with rhinorrhea and fetid odor. Less commonly, it can be traumatic, neoplastic, due to congenital malformation or iatrogenic. Symptoms of congenital intranasal mass may present at birth, or go unnoticed and be a finding in a routine pediatric examination.

[Stertor in the newborn due to congenital nasal pyriform aperture estenosis: case series].

Stertor is a noise generated by the disturbance of the air flow passing through the nose. Its main cause -in newborns and infants- is inflammatory or infectious rhinitis. Congenital, neoplastic, traumatic or iatrogenic causes are less frequent.

[Surgical treatment of tracheal stenosis in pediatrics].

Twenty patients with tracheal stenosis were surgically treated between July 2005 and May 2008; ten patients had a congenital stenosis and ten an acquired one. Global survival was 85%. Three patients died: 1 with acquired stenosis and 2 with congenital stenosis.