A rate-responsive duty-cycling protocol for leadless pacemaker synchronization.

Dual-chamber leadless pacemakers (LLPMs) consist of two implants, one in the right atrium and one in the right ventricle. Inter-device communication, required for atrioventricular (AV) synchrony, however, reduces the projected longevity of commercial dual-chamber LLPMs by 35-45%. This work analyzes the power-saving potential and the resulting impact on AV-synchrony for a novel LLPM synchronization protocol.

A Direct-Digital 40 μA 100 kb/s Intracardiac Communication Receiver with 250 μs Startup Time for Low Duty-Cycle Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization.

The first commercial dual-chamber leadless pacemaker (LLPM) was introduced recently. The system combines two separate implants situated in the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. Implant synchronization is accomplished with conductive intracardiac communication (CIC) using the myocardium and blood as transmission channel.

A Surface-Integrated Sensor Network for Personalized Multifunctional Catheters.

Augmenting the sensing/actuating capabilities of multifunctional catheters used for minimally invasive interventions has been fostered by the reduction of transducers' sizes. However, increasing the number of transducers to benefit from the entire catheter surface is challenging due to the number of connections and/or the required integrated circuits dedicated for multiplexing the transducer signals. Modular concepts enabling personalized catheters are lacking, at all.

Conduction System Pacing Today and Tomorrow.

Conduction system pacing (CSP) encompassing His bundle (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is gaining increasing attention in the electrophysiology community. These relatively novel physiological pacing modalities have the potential to outperform conventional pacing approaches with respect to clinical endpoints, although data are currently still limited. While HBP represents the most physiological form of cardiac stimulation, success rates, bundle branch correction, and electrical lead performance over time remain a concern.

Modulation Scheme Analysis for Low-Power Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization Based on Conductive Intracardiac Communication.

Conductive intracardiac communication (CIC) has been demonstrated as a promising concept for the synchronization of multi-chamber leadless cardiac pacemakers (LLPMs). To meet the 2-5 μW power budget of a LLPM, highly specialized CIC-transceivers, which make optimal use of the cardiac communication channel, need to be developed. However, a detailed investigation of the optimal communication parameters for CIC-based LLPM synchronization is missing so far.

Leadless atrioventricular synchronous pacing in an outpatient setting: Early lessons learned on factors affecting atrioventricular synchrony.

Background: Leadless pacemakers (PMs) capable of atrioventricular (AV) synchronous pacing have recently been introduced. Initial feasibility studies were promising but limited to just a few minutes of AV synchronous pacing. Real-world, long-term data on AV synchrony and programming adjustments affecting AV synchrony in outpatients are lacking.