New Insights into Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Paired Tumor and Non-Tumor Adjacent Mucosal Tissues in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Background/objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Increasing scientific evidence supports the idea that gut microbiota dysbiosis accompanies colorectal tumorigenesis, and these changes could be causative. Implementing gut microbiota analysis in clinical practice is limited by sample type, sequencing platform and taxonomic classification.

Personalised medicine based on host genetics and microbiota applied to colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second in incidence and third in cancer mortality worldwide. This situation, together with the understanding of the heterogeneity of the disease, has highlighted the need to develop a more individualised approach to its prevention, diagnosis and treatment through personalised medicine. This approach aims to stratify patients according to risk, predict disease progression and determine the most appropriate treatment.

Microbiota and beneficial metabolites in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In recent years, the impact of the gut microbiota on the development of CRC has become clear. The gut microbiota is the community of microorganisms living in the gut symbiotic relationship with the host.

Host genetics and microbiota data analysis in colorectal cancer research.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with a complex aetiology influenced by a myriad of genetic and environmental factors. Despite advances in CRC research, it is a major burden of disease, with the second highest incidence and third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. To individualise diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC, developing new strategies combining precision medicine and bioinformatic procedures is promising.

Microbiota and other detrimental metabolites in colorectal cancer.

Increasing scientific evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota plays an essential role in the onset and development of Colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms by which these microorganisms contribute to cancer development are complex and far from completely clarified. Specifically, the impact of gut microbiota-derived metabolites on CRC is undeniable, exerting both protective and detrimental effects.

Microbiota and detrimental protein derived metabolites in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer in incidence and the second leading cancer in mortality worldwide. There is growing scientific evidence to support the crucial role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC. The gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the host gut in a symbiotic relationship.

Construction of an immune gene expression meta signature to assess the prognostic risk of colorectal cancer patients.

Despite recent advancements in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, particularly with the introduction of immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors, the efficacy of these therapies remains limited to a subset of patients. To address this challenge, our study aimed to develop a prognostic biomarker based on immune-related genes to predict better outcomes in CRC patients and aid in treatment decision-making. We comprehensively analysed immune gene expression signatures associated with CRC prognosis to construct an immune meta-signature with prognostic potential.

Microbiota-associated mechanisms in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, ranking third in terms of incidence and second as a cause of cancer-related death. There is growing scientific evidence that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the initiation and development of CRC. Specific bacterial species and complex microbial communities contribute directly to CRC pathogenesis by promoting the neoplastic transformation of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through their interaction with the host immune system.

Techniques, procedures, and applications in microbiome analysis.

Microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms living in a defined environment. Until the 20th century, knowledge of microbiota was partial, as the techniques available for their characterization were primarily based on bacteriological culture. In the last twenty years, the development of DNA sequencing technologies, multi-omics, and bioinformatics has expanded our understanding of microorganisms.

Circadian rhythm and host genetics.

This chapter aims to explore the usefulness of the latest advances in genetic studies in the field of the circadian system in the future development of individualised strategies for health improvement based on lifestyle intervention. Due to the multifactorial and complex nature of the circadian system, we focus on the highly prevalent phenotypes in the population that are key to understanding its biology from an evolutionary perspective and that can be modulated by lifestyle. Therefore, we leave in the background those phenotypes that constitute infrequent pathologies or in which the current level of scientific evidence does not favour the implementation of practical approaches of this type.

Microbiome and physical activity.

Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility.

Microbiome-based precision nutrition: Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics.

Microorganisms have been used in nutrition and medicine for thousands of years worldwide, long before humanity knew of their existence. It is now known that the gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating inflammatory, metabolic, immune and neurobiological processes. This text discusses the importance of microbiota-based precision nutrition in gut permeability, as well as the main advances and current limitations of traditional probiotics, new-generation probiotics, psychobiotic probiotics with an effect on emotional health, probiotic foods, prebiotics, and postbiotics such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and vitamins.

Host genetics and nutrition.

Optimal nutrition is essential for health and physiological performance. Nutrition-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes are major causes of death and reduced quality of life in modern Western societies. Thanks to combining nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, genomic nutrition allows the study of the interaction between nutrition, genetics and physiology.

Impact of evolution on lifestyle in microbiome.

This chapter analyses the interaction between microbiota and humans from an evolutionary point of view. Long-term interactions between gut microbiota and host have been generated as a result of dietary choices through coevolutionary processes, where mutuality of advantage is essential. Likewise, the characteristics of the intestinal environment have made it possible to describe different intrahost evolutionary mechanisms affecting microbiota.

Techniques, procedures, and applications in host genetic analysis.

This chapter overviews genetic techniques' fundamentals and methodological features, including different approaches, analyses, and applications that have contributed to advancing health and disease. The aim is to describe laboratory methodologies and analyses employed to understand the genetic landscape of different biological contexts, from conventional techniques to cutting-edge technologies. Besides describing detailed aspects of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and derived types as one of the principles for many novel techniques, we also discuss microarray analysis, next-generation sequencing, and genome editing technologies such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems.

Conjugated linoleic acid metabolite impact in colorectal cancer: a potential microbiome-based precision nutrition approach.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and the third most diagnosed cancer in both sexes worldwide. CRC pathogenesis is associated with risk factors such as genetics, alcohol, smoking, sedentariness, obesity, unbalanced diets, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gut microbiota is the microbial community living in symbiosis in the intestine, in a dynamic balance vital for health.

Possible relationship between the gut leaky syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries: the important role of gut microbiota as indirect modulator.

This article aims to examine the evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota (GM), leaky gut syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries can significantly impair athletic performance, overall health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that the state of the gut microbiota and the functional intestinal permeability may contribute to injury recovery.

Acute Effects of Different Overspeed Loads with Motorized Towing System in Young Athletes: A Pilot Study.

Overspeed is a training method used to improve running speed, although its effects are not supported by consensual scientific evidence. The overspeed stimulus can be boosted by several methods, including motorized towing devices. Our objectives were to analyze the acute effects of three overspeed loads in young athletes and to select optimal loads for training periods.

Acute effects of overspeed stimuli with towing system on athletic sprint performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Overspeed-based training is widely used to improve athletes' maximum running speed and towing systems are one of the most frequently employed methods for this purpose. However, the effectiveness of this modality has not been thoroughly determined. This review analyzes the acute effects of overspeed conditions with towing systems in sprinters.

The GALNTL6 Gene rs558129 Polymorphism Is Associated With Power Performance.

Díaz, J, Álvarez Herms, J, Castañeda, A, Larruskain, J, Ramírez de la Piscina, X, Borisov, OV, Semenova, EA, Kostryukova, ES, Kulemin, NA, Andryushchenko, ON, Larin, AK, Andryushchenko, LB, Generozov, EV, Ahmetov, II, and Odriozola, A. The GALNTL6 gene rs558129 polymorphism is associated with power performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3031-3036, 2020-The largest genome-wide association study to date in sports genomics showed that endurance athletes were 1.

Genetic Variants and Hamstring Injury in Soccer: An Association and Validation Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with noncontact hamstring muscle injuries in elite soccer players and to create and validate a model to assess the risk of hamstring injury.

Methods: A total of 107 elite male outfield players were prospectively followed for six seasons. Players were genotyped for 37 SNP previously investigated in relation to musculoskeletal injuries.

I-DNASE21 system: development and SWGDAM validation of a new STR 21-plex reaction.

I-DNASE21 is a new STR multiplex system that amplifies 21 STR autosomal loci, plus the amelogenin locus in one reaction. This system has been designed to analyze all the STR loci included in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Interpol Standard Set of Loci (ISSL), Extended European Standard Set (ESS-Extended), UK National Criminal Intelligence DNA Database (NDNAD) and German Core loci (GCL). This manuscript presents the validation of the I-DNASE21 system according to the revised guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM).

miRNA analysis in vitreous humor to determine the time of death: a proof-of-concept pilot study.

We hypothesized that miRNAs present in vitreous humor could be a sort of "biological black box," storing information about physiological and environmental circumstances at death. As a proof of concept, we analyzed the vitreous humor miRNA signature to explore its forensic potential applications, such as determining the time of the day at death. The miRNAs present in vitreous humor from individuals who died at daytime or at nighttime were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array.