Effect of digital adherence technologies on treatment outcomes in people with drug-susceptible tuberculosis: four pragmatic, cluster-randomised trials.

Background: The impact of digital adherence technologies on tuberculosis treatment outcomes remains poorly understood. We investigated whether smart pillboxes and medication labels can reduce poor treatment outcomes in patients with tuberculosis.

Methods: We did independent pragmatic, cluster-randomised trials in the Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, and Ukraine.

Amelioration of premature aging in Werner syndrome stem cells by targeting SHIP/AKT pathway.

Background: Pathogenic or null mutations in WRN helicase is a cause of premature aging disease Werner syndrome (WS). WRN is known to protect somatic cells including adult stem cells from premature senescence. Loss of WRN in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only drives the cells to premature senescence but also significantly impairs the function of the stem cells in tissue repair or regeneration.

Suppression of apoptosis impairs phalangeal joint formation in the pathogenesis of brachydactyly type A1.

Apoptosis occurs during development when a separation of tissues is needed. Synovial joint formation is initiated at the presumptive site (interzone) within a cartilage anlagen, with changes in cellular differentiation leading to cavitation and tissue separation. Apoptosis has been detected in phalangeal joints during development, but its role and regulation have not been defined.

Targeting G-quadruplex for rescuing impaired chondrogenesis in WRN-deficient stem cells.

Background: Pathogenic mutations in WRN are a cause of premature aging disease Werner syndrome (WS). Besides accelerated aging phenotypes and cancer predisposition, patients with WS also display underdevelopment in the skeletal system, characterized by short stature, light body weight and unusually thin extremities. The reasons for these developmental defects are not completely understood and the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Ciliary protein Kif7 regulates Gli and Ezh2 for initiating the neuronal differentiation of enteric neural crest cells during development.

Gastrointestinal motility disorders occur frequently in patients with ciliopathy, but the underlying genetic link is unclear. The ciliary protein Kif7 can positively or negatively regulate Hedgehog signaling in different cellular contexts. Mice with neural crest cell (NCC)–specific deficiency show a marked reduction of enteric NOS inhibitory neurons.

Zeolite micromembranes.

Free-standing silicalite-1 (Sil-1) zeolite micromembranes have been successfully fabricated onto silicon substrate. Gas permeation test using permanent gases (i.e.